Postoperative radiotherapy for lung cancer is local treatment, while targeted therapy is systemic treatment, and the two treatments cannot be compared in terms of efficacy. Targeted therapy can select appropriate therapeutic drugs through mutated sites, which has the advantages of high efficacy and low side effects, while radiotherapy mainly uses medical instruments to destroy the genetic material of malignant tumor cells in proliferation, and both treatments are different, with their own advantages in terms of effect. It should be noted that whether it is targeted therapy or radiotherapy, patients may experience a series of side effects. Patients may experience adverse reactions such as itchy skin or diarrhea after targeted therapy, while patients may experience adverse reactions such as chest tightness, thirst and dryness after radiotherapy. Patients are advised to go to the hospital for regular checkups and to seek immediate medical attention if there are any abnormalities.