Urinalysis is a routine clinical examination to diagnose disease and guide treatment by analyzing the urine, its appearance, odor and physical and chemical properties. The main tests are urine biochemical examination and microscopic examination. (1) urine biochemical examination: (1) urine protein examination, proteinuria indicates mainly impaired renal filtration function, such as diabetes mellitus, systemic lupus erythematosus, pyelonephritis, interstitial nephritis, etc.; (2) urine sugar detection, qualitative detection is mainly Ban’s method, quantitative detection using o-toluidine method. Diabetes mellitus is the disease most likely to cause diabetes, hyperthyroidism can also cause diabetes; (3) ketone body examination; (4) urinary bilirubin and urinary bilirubinogen measurement, to understand the jaundice; (5) urinary electrolyte examination, such as urinary sodium, urinary calcium, urinary potassium measurement, to understand the progress of the disease, through vomiting, diarrhea, renal tubular acidosis can cause electrolyte imbalance. The test after treatment helps to understand the treatment. 2, microscopic examination, is the examination of various cells in the urine, such as the number and shape of red blood cells and white blood cells observation. Through urine examination we can understand the development of certain diseases in the body as well as the treatment.