Spinal injury: The spine and spinal cord are subjected to direct or indirect mechanical external forces, causing various types of spinal fractures and dislocations, which destabilize the spinal column, and spinal instability is the main cause of spinal cord injury. Incorrect handling methods during first aid and transportation can aggravate spinal cord injury and even cause complete rupture of the spinal cord, resulting in lifelong disability or even death for some patients that are difficult to recover. Therefore, using the correct method to transport patients with spinal fractures in pre-hospital emergency can effectively reduce the disability and death rate of patients with spinal fractures. So, how to give first aid correctly? First, first determine the situation by asking the patient and check one of the first 4, plus the 5th and 6th that the possibility of vertebral fracture should be considered, that is, according to the spinal fracture requirements for first aid. 1. fall from a height, hip or limb first landing 2. heavy objects from a height directly smashed on the head or shoulder 3. violence directly impacted on the spine 4. is bending back arching back when squeezing pressure 5. back and waist of the spine has pressure pain, swelling, or bulge, deformation 6. limbs have numbness, weak or unable to move 2. correct first aid measures 1. quickly evacuate the casualty from the scene of trauma that may occur again. Avoid repeating or aggravating the trauma. 2. If the casualty has breathing difficulty or is unconscious, suck out the secretions in the mouth in time to keep the airway open. Give oxygen if possible. 3. When spinal cord injury is combined with life-threatening cranial injury (such as brain hernia), thoracoabdominal organ injury (such as hemopneumothorax, liver and spleen rupture, etc.) or shock, these combined injuries should be dealt with as early as possible. 4. neck injuries have paraplegic casualties, transport should pay special attention to fixing the head. Small rolls of cloth or thin pillows can be placed behind the neck, and clothes or sandbags can be placed on both sides of the neck to prevent twisting. Such casualties are at risk of sudden respiratory arrest at any time during evacuation, so special attention should be paid to observation and preparation of the necessary equipment, and artificial respiration for respiratory arrest. 5. After a spinal fracture, the patient cannot be moved easily and should be fixed in place according to the posture of the injured person. 6. Patients with cervical spine fractures should have their head and neck fixed, and should be supported by a person or fixed with a wire helmet. For the thoracolumbar spine fracture casualty, in the process of transport, should always keep the spine in a positive position, at least three people should carry the casualty at the same time, when carrying three people are squatting on the side of the casualty, one person to hold the shoulder, one person is responsible for the waist and hip, one person to hold the straightened lower extremities, coordinated to move the patient to the plate, to take the supine position, surrounded by soft fabric pad. Then, quickly transfer to the hospital in condition, further examination and treatment. Third, how to safely move the patient 1, spinal fracture fixation method should not easily move the casualty. It is strictly forbidden for one person to hold the head and the other to lift the feet and other uncoordinated movements. If the casualty is prone, the “I” splint can be fixed, the two horizontal plates are placed across the shoulders and the lumbosacral area, the padding is placed in the bumpy part of the spine, the two shoulders are fixed with a triangular towel or cloth belt, and then the lumbosacral area is fixed. 2, the handling of cervical spine trauma casualties suspected of cervical spine injury patients must keep the head and trunk at the same level during transport to prevent cervical spine over-extension, over-flexion and rotation, resulting in re-injury and aggravation of the disease. In the handling of cervical spine injury casualty, first with the neck brace external fixation, to have a person to support its head and neck, along the longitudinal direction slightly traction, and make the head and neck with the torso roll. Or by the casualty’s own hands to hold the head and then slowly move. Or one person with both hands to hold the occiput, jaw, maintain the position of the neck after the injury, the other two people respectively hold up the waist back, buttocks and lower limbs, forbidden to move the head arbitrarily and forcibly. The casualty lying on the board should be sandbags or folded clothing on both sides of its neck to be fixed. Suspected of cervical spine injury, after making the casualty lying down, with sandbags (or other substitutes) placed on both sides of the head to make the neck immobilized. 3, thoracolumbar fracture casualty handling with real air cushion external fixation, so that the casualty lying flat on a hard bed, both sides of the body with pillows, clothing plug tight, fixed spine for the straight position. Three people need to work at the same time when carrying, the specific practice is: three people are squatting on the side of the injured, one to shoulder back, one to waist hip, one to lower limbs, coordinated action, the patient supine position on a hardboard stretcher, waist with clothing mattress pad up. When transporting paraplegic casualties, a soft mattress pad should be laid on the board, and hard objects in the casualty’s clothing should be removed in time to prevent crushing injuries. It is generally not recommended to use hot water bags or saline bottles for warmth to avoid burns.