Internal causes: the main lumbar degenerative changes; external causes: trauma, strain or overwork, cold and damp. In addition, with age, height, genetics, pregnancy, smoking: diabetes, etc. Triggering factors: ① increased abdominal pressure: such as violent coughing, constipation, defecation and so on. ② improper lumbar posture: when the lumbar in a flexed position, such as suddenly to rotate the nucleus pulposus herniation is easily induced. ③ Sudden weight-bearing: in the absence of adequate preparation, the sudden increase in the lumbar load, easy to cause herniation of the nucleus pulposus. Trauma to the lumbar region: acute trauma can affect the fibrous ring, cartilage plate and other structures, and promote the herniation of the degenerated nucleus pulposus. Occupational factors: such as long-term driving, sedentary people, easy to induce disc herniation. (6) Cold and humidity: Cold or humidity can cause small blood vessel contraction and muscle spasm to increase the pressure on the intervertebral disc, which may also cause the degenerated intervertebral disc to rupture. Herniated disc type: (1) central type: the disc shadow is limited beyond the edge of the vertebral body, the dural sac can be compressed, and the epidural fat space becomes narrow and disappears, which can be accompanied by calcification of the annulus fibrosus. (2) Paracentral type: the intervertebral disc shadow is limited beyond the edge of the vertebral body, and the nerve root is compressed. (3) Posterolateral type: the intervertebral disc shadow is limited beyond the vertebral body edge in the direction of intervertebral foramen, with nerve root compression, narrowing of intervertebral foramen and lateral fossa. The epidural fat space becomes narrow and disappears, which may be accompanied by calcification of the annulus fibrosus. (4) Far lateral type: disc shadow outside the spinal canal is limited beyond the edge of the vertebral body, accompanied by calcification of the annulus fibrosus, formation of bony encumbrances, and displacement of the crural nerves, peripheral muscles, and ligaments under compression. Treatment Conservative treatment: 1, absolute bed rest: about 1 month, no bending in 3 months. 2.Continuous traction: can make the intervertebral space slightly widened. 3.Physical therapy: mainly including functional exercises, massage, microwave, electrotherapy and so on. 4.Epidural cavity closure: sacral canal closure. 5.Intravenous medication: dehydration, hormones, and anti-inflammatory painkillers. 6.Interventional therapy: collagenase injection, percutaneous nucleus pulposus cutting and suction, laser ablation Surgical treatment: 1, posterior plate opening nucleus pulposus removal; 2, lumbar discoscopy nucleus pulposus removal; 3, posterior lumbar discectomy implantation and fusion of internal fixation; 4, Quadrant channel discectomy implantation and fixation; 5, transverse intervertebral foramenoscopy nucleus pulposus removal.