Herpes zoster is caused by varicella-zoster virus infection, which is not an exogenous infection because it originates from the dorsal root ganglion site where chickenpox was latent during early childhood, and is generally not contagious. Herpes zoster itself is a self-limiting disease, and the lesions can heal on their own without treatment. However, a certain percentage of patients with high-risk factors such as advanced age, heavy lesions, special sites, and severe inflammatory reactions may still have postherpetic neuralgia even after systematic and complete treatment during the acute phase. The trigeminal nerve distribution area, ear, axilla, hand and foot, and perineal area are special sites. The pain in the herpetic phase can start before the appearance of herpes and then decrease or disappear after the appearance of herpes, while in some patients the pain starts after the appearance of herpes and continues or even gets progressively worse. Treatment during the herpes phase focuses on antiviral, nerve nutrition, anti-inflammatory and analgesic, and immune enhancing therapy to shorten the course of the disease and reduce the incidence of post-herpetic neuralgia. Post-herpetic neuralgia is considered to be the continuation of pain after the acute phase. Postherpetic neuralgia is defined in the literature as postherpetic pain lasting for more than 3 months and a pain NRS score of not less than 3. The first line of treatment is calcium modulators and biphasic antidepressants, with calcium modulators including gabapentin and pregabalin, and biphasic antidepressants including venlafaxine, duloxetine, and haloperidol melitrexin. In addition, local anesthetics can be used topically when pain is limited, and can be combined with ultrasound, acupuncture, and electrical stimulation physiotherapy. If drug and non-invasive treatments are not effective, inpatient comprehensive treatment should be considered. Although the treatment is difficult, most patients can achieve significant relief with nerve block, radiofrequency modulation or destruction treatment.