Carotid ultrasound can diagnose carotid vascular alignment, lumen internal diameter, wall structure, color Doppler of blood flow, and the presence of congenital developmental abnormalities. More importantly, carotid vascular ultrasound is a window to evaluate systemic atherosclerosis. It is of great value not only for the early diagnosis and prognosis determination of atherosclerotic diseases, but also for the assessment and prediction of cardiovascular health and cardiovascular disease risk. The diseases that can be diagnosed by carotid vascular ultrasound include carotid atherosclerosis, aortitis, arterial entrapment, true aneurysm, pseudoaneurysm, various congenital developmental anomalies, arterial thrombosis, trauma, and assessment of hemodynamic changes.