Intraventricular hemorrhage in preterm infants is a serious threat to the life and quality of life of the child, with an incidence ranging from 5-90% depending on the number of reported cases and a high mortality rate. The incidence varies between 5-90% depending on the number of reported cases, with a high mortality rate. Children who survive may develop epilepsy, mental retardation, and motor impairment, and it has been reported in the literature that 25-80% of children may develop hydrocephalus and 75% of patients with combined paraventricular leukoencephalopathy will develop neurological deficits in the long term. Intraventricular hemorrhage is classified into four grades according to Papile’s classification. Grade I: unilateral or bilateral subventricular hemorrhage (SHE); Grade II: SHE breaks into the ventricle and causes IVH; Grade III: IVH with ventricular dilatation; Grade IV: Grade III IVH with parenchymal hemorrhage (i.e., hemorrhagic infarction of the periventricular medullary vein). After correction of coagulation dysfunction, the current treatments for intraventricular hemorrhage include: repeated ventriculocentesis or lumbar puncture for fluid release, subcutaneous installation of a fluid reservoir for repeated aspiration, and intracerebroventricular injection of urokinase to dissolve the clot, etc. The above treatments are suitable for children with mild disease, and the main drawback is that they cause excessive fluctuations in cranial pressure, and lumbar puncture may also induce herniation of the foramen magnum. It has also been suggested in the literature that these treatments do not reduce the incidence of disability and mortality and hydrocephalus. The most definitive and reliable treatment in pediatric neurosurgery for ventricular hemorrhage is continuous external drainage of the lateral ventricles, which should be followed by craniotomy to remove the hematoma and then continuous external drainage if the ventricle is cast, and shunts when appropriate according to the development of hydrocephalus, with early treatment having a significant prognostic impact. Although there are comorbidities such as shunt blockage, infection, and shunt dependency, hydrocephalus shunt is the only effective treatment for hydrocephalus after ventricular hemorrhage. The surviving children need medication and rehabilitation in addition to regular review of their condition. In a foreign group of 214 children with severe ventricular hemorrhage, 94 cases were grade III, with a survival rate of 78%. 120 cases were grade IV, with a survival rate of 53%, including 37 cases with cerebral palsy and a DQ of 95. The figure shows a premature child who was born with spontaneous intraventricular hemorrhage and subsequently developed severe hydrocephalus and was admitted to our department in an emergency 1 month after birth. We performed external drainage immediately after admission, and lateral ventriculoperitoneal shunt was performed after cerebrospinal fluid was normal.