Breast augmentation is a surgical procedure to increase the volume of the breasts in order to make them more lifted and enlarged. Breast augmentation has been performed for more than 70 years. We classify it into the following three main ways according to the type of implant material: liquid substitute injection, autologous tissue transplantation and implant method. In terms of the injection of liquid substitutes, materials such as liquid paraffin and liquid silicone, which were used in the early days, were finally eliminated due to many complications such as skin breakdown, foreign body granuloma, and wandering of the injected material, etc. Since 1997, the use of polyacrylamide hydrogel for breast augmentation by injection was also carried out in large numbers in China, but because of the above-mentioned complications, the State Drug Administration banned its clinical application in 2006 ( Figure 1, 2). No safe and reliable liquid tissue substitute has been found so far. Poor breast shape after polyacrylamide hydrogel injection breast augmentation Polyacrylamide hydrogel injection breast augmentation after removal of injectables Autologous tissue transplantation method is most commonly used for breast augmentation using autologous fat particles injection. At the end of the last century, fat injection breast augmentation was once widely popular in China. In clinical practice, it was found that the survival rate of a large amount of fat injection was low, so the amount of each injection was limited and several injections were needed to achieve the desired effect. In addition, there were cases of liquefaction, infection, nodules and calcification of transplanted fat, especially calcification and other conditions affected the diagnosis of breast tumor diseases, so the application of this method is also gradually decreasing at present (Figure 3). The use of breast implants is still the most widely used method for breast augmentation worldwide. The commonly used surgical incisions are mainly in the axilla, areola margin and inframammary fold. Caucasians tend to use the inframammary fold incision due to less pronounced scar growth, but this incision is not suitable given the characteristics of the skin of the domestic race (Figure 4). Postoperative scar of inframammary crease incision The advantage of axillary incision is that it is far from the breast and the scar is hidden, but the disadvantage is that it is inconvenient to operate and difficult to perform for some complex mammoplasties. The lower areolar margin incision has the advantage of being easy to perform, but may result in loss of sensory nerves in the areola and nipple and scarring of the areolar incision margin. In the choice of implantation level, the subpectoral muscle is widely used in clinical practice because of its large surface tissue coverage and low rate of contracture of the envelope. The posterior breast space is more commonly used in cases where there is more breast tissue with breast ptosis. The biplanar approach has the advantages of the above two implantation levels and avoids their shortcomings, and is now being used in clinical practice. At the same time, some scholars have tried to apply endoscopic-assisted technology to breast augmentation with the aid of stripping the cavity for implant placement. Among the complications of breast augmentation, the incidence of infection and hematoma is low, but there is no unified understanding of whether aging of the implant occurs in the long term and whether it needs to be replaced after several years. The incidence of periosteal contracture also varies widely in the domestic and international literature, but is mostly within 5% (Figure 5). In the case of breast implant contracture, the implant and the peri-implant group are removed intraoperatively. The main choices of prosthesis materials are silicone gel prosthesis and saline prosthesis. Saline implants are less commonly used due to their poor texture and tendency to leak. In response to the shortcomings of silicone gel breast implants, manufacturers have made some corresponding improvements, such as changing the physical state of the silicone gel, reducing its mobility while maintaining its softness, so that if the envelope ruptures, its contents will not leak into the tissue; increasing the thickness of the envelope, basically avoiding the shortcomings of silicone gel leakage from the envelope; the hairy surface prosthesis design also reduces the incidence of contracture of the envelope. The hairy surface design also reduces the incidence of contracture. There are mainly round breast implants and anatomical breast implants, the latter of which is more in line with physiological appearance and is especially suitable for those with mildly sagging breasts and less breast tissue of their own. With the continuous improvement in the quality of breast implant materials, clinical medical technology, combined with minimally invasive techniques and the application of a more scientific and systematic pre-operative breast implant parameter system, these measures are conducive to better work by plastic surgeons and provide high-quality services to more breast candidates.