The relationship between mycoplasma and female reproductive tract infections has received widespread attention in recent years. Because of the differences in pathogenicity of different species of mycoplasma, it is important to evaluate the carriage of mycoplasma in women and its relationship with vaginal infections, cervicitis, pelvic inflammatory diseases and obstetric adverse pregnancy outcomes to guide clinical treatment. Tianmin Xu, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Second Hospital of Jilin University We already know that the female reproductive system is connected to the outside world through the vagina, so the vagina is not an absolutely sterile environment, and there are about 20 kinds of microorganisms living in the vagina, maintaining a normal microecological environment. So, what exactly is mycoplasma? Mycoplasma is a group of minimal prokaryotic cellular microorganisms that lack a cell wall, are highly pleomorphic, can pass through a filter, and can grow and multiply in inanimate media. There are 16 species of mycoplasma that can be isolated from humans, 6 of which are found in the female genitourinary tract. Uu and Mh are currently the most frequently detected in clinical work. Factors affecting the distribution of mycoplasmas in the genital tract include age, race, economic status, contraceptive practices, and pregnancy. From the end of the last century. China’s hospitals at all levels began to carry out mycoplasma testing, and the scale is increasing day by day. However, many medical personnel do not know enough about the pathogenicity of mycoplasma, and there are problems such as both over- and under-treatment. With the advent of multiple tests, the false-positive rate is also high. Some doctors give antibiotic treatment whenever they find a positive test for mycoplasma, while others do not perform mycoplasma testing and treatment because they cannot determine whether mycoplasma is pathogenic, which can also lead to under-treatment. As a clinician, it is important to know that mycoplasma is a conditionally pathogenic microorganism with a high rate of genital tract carriage. Therefore, more caution is needed when judging infectious diseases caused by mycoplasma. Symptoms and signs of disease should be used as a prerequisite to determine the presence of infection, otherwise they should be treated as carriers and excessive intervention with antibiotics is not advisable. When a patient has no accompanying symptoms and mycoplasma is only isolated from the cervix, no treatment may be necessary. This “mycoplasma-positive” state is a normal carrier state and does not mean that it causes disease. Moreover, as a normal population, even if the carrier rate is reduced by medication, it will return to its original level after a period of normal sexual activity. Therefore, it is important not to abuse antibiotic medication too early. To diagnose mycoplasma infection, the following two points need to be clarified: ① the patient has clear signs of infection: with clinical symptoms, signs, and can be diagnosed as an infectious disease according to clinical criteria. ②Patients with positive laboratory test results for mycoplasma. When both of these are present, then consider whether the patient is infected with mycoplasma. Of course, the presence of other sexually transmitted diseases, such as cervical gonorrhea infection or Chlamydia trachomatis infection, vaginal trichomonas infection, etc., should be taken into account. Mycoplasma has no cell wall and is not sensitive to β-lactam antibiotics (e.g., penicillin and cephalosporins), but is sensitive to antibiotics that affect bacterial protein synthesis and DNA synthesis (e.g., macrolides, tetracyclines, quinolones, etc.). The course of antibiotics is 7-10 days, usually no more than 14 days. It is also important to pay attention to the treatment of sexual partners.