Cerebral white matter injury is one of the forms of brain damage unique to preterm infants, and the most serious outcome is paraventricular white matter softening in preterm infants, which can cause pediatric neurological sequelae such as cerebral palsy, abnormal audiovisual function, and cognitive impairment. In recent years, the incidence of prematurity, low birth weight and multiple births in China is the success rate has increased significantly. However, distant neurodevelopmental problems of varying degrees are more prominent, and white matter brain injury plays an important role in them, so they are receiving increasing attention. As early as the early 1960s, studies have found that cerebral white matter lesions were more common in premature infants born to mothers with circulatory abnormalities during delivery. Later, it was recognized that the disease occurs with remarkable regularity, almost always in preterm infants, especially those with a history of respiratory and circulatory disease. Several days after successful resuscitation, soft foci of cerebral white matter next to the ventricles were found during routine cranial ultrasonography. Diagnosis] 1. Clinical manifestations: Lack of specific neurological signs and symptoms in preterm infants with cerebral white matter injury. Some people do extremely close clinical observation, even quite serious cerebral white matter injury of premature infants, but also only showed poor response. Therefore, in the neonatal period, it is very difficult to determine the lesions occurring in the white matter of the brain purely by clinical performance. 2, imaging diagnosis: in the international application of the most preterm infants brain white matter injury diagnosis method is still imaging examination. Cranial ultrasound, CT, MRI and other imaging means can visualize the occurrence of white matter injury, transformation process. Divided into early edema stage and softening foci formation stage. 3, other diagnosis: in recent years, scholars have explored the diagnostic value of EEG on brain injury, and found that when white paper injury occurs in the developing brain EEG in the acute phase shows inhibition of background activity, there can be epileptiform discharges. Prognosis] Many foreign scholars have confirmed that the edge of brain white matter injury in preterm infants has a very serious impact on the long-term prognosis, the rate of occurrence of different degrees of neurological abnormalities up to 63.64%, of which 36.37% of the laggards of cerebral palsy intelligence development. 1, motor dysfunction: preterm infants with paraventricular white matter injury have prominent motor dysfunction in later development. The typical distant neurological abnormality is cerebral palsy. Cerebral white matter softening occurs near the anterior horn of the lateral ventricle, and lower limb motor function is most likely to be involved. 2. Cognitive dysfunction: A diffuse, large area of severe white matter injury not only involves motor function but also causes intellectual and cognitive deficits due to damage to cortical and subcortical neurons. Extensive white matter damage also affects the sensory function of the child. Sensory dysfunction in turn exacerbates the child’s lagging intellectual development. Treatment] It is difficult to avoid white matter injury in preterm infants, because the occurrence of the disease is related to the cerebrovascular development and local metabolic characteristics of preterm infants, so prevention is important. Bedside cranial ultrasonography is essential for the timely detection of early white matter injury. Therefore, when the lesion is in the edema stage, efforts to remove the cause and appropriate neurotrophic drugs can alleviate the disease to some extent and improve the prognosis. When the softening foci are formed and the lesions are difficult to be reversed, regular follow-up should be performed to detect the problems in the development of intellectual motor, visual and auditory sensory functions and to provide individualized post-treatment, including a series of interventions to promote the intellectual development of children at different ages, physical rehabilitation, and visual and auditory function training. These children will recover to a certain extent after reasonable treatment. Practice shows that the earlier the intervention, the better the results. Parents should not give up treatment or lose confidence because they think there are sequelae because of the brain white matter damage in MRI or CT examination, but actively engage in rehabilitation to minimize the harm to limbs and intelligence.