The indications for lumbar puncture are primarily for the definitive diagnosis and treatment of certain central nervous system disorders. These are mainly inflammatory diseases of the central nervous system, cerebrovascular diseases (e.g., cerebral hemorrhage, subarachnoid hemorrhage), intracranial tumors (diagnosis of meningeal leukemia and intrathecal injection of chemotherapeutic agents), and subarachnoid obstruction. Contraindications are mainly patients with severe intracranial hypertension, patients with suspected cerebral herniation, patients with inflammation at the puncture site, and patients with severe coagulation disorders such as hemophilia.