Please keep in mind that the top doctor treats the untreated and lifestyle modification is the cornerstone of disease prevention and treatment.
Weight control.
Body mass index BMI (weight kg/height m2): normal 18.5-22.9, overweight ≥ 23, obese ≥ 25
Abdominal obesity, waist circumference: male > 90cm, female > 80cm Sun Wei, Department of Neurology, Peking University First Hospital
Ideal weight = (height cm-100) × 0.9. Weight loss goal: 7-10% in 1 year
Balanced diet.
-250-400g of cereals daily.
-Vegetables 300-500g, dark green leaves, red and yellow
-Fruit 200-400g, 1-2
-meat: 75g, eggs: 3-4/week, dairy 250g, dry beans 30g/d (tofu 150g, dried tofu 45g)
-Utility oil (vegetable oil) less than 25g, cholesterol <300mg,.
-Daily water intake 1200ml.
Do not eat or minimize the following foods: pastries, sweets (ice cream, ice-cream), cheese, cream, butter, animal oil, fried food, animal offal, fatty meat, processed meat sausage, fish roe, squid, egg yolk (less for those with high cholesterol, maximum one egg yolk per day), oiled tofu, vegetarian assorted food, yellow sauce, bean paste, pickled vegetables, processed juice, drinks.
Salt reduction: The goal is to eat less than 6g of salt per day, i.e. reduce to 1/2-1/3 of the original. eat less or no soy sauce, pickled vegetables, curd, salty sauce, pickled or processed foods, etc.
Regular exercise.
At least 5 days a week, preferably 7 days a day, 30 minutes of moderate intensity aerobic exercise,.
or 20 minutes per day, 3 days per week, high intensity aerobic exercise. Avoid 2 consecutive days without exercise.
Recommend 6,000 steps per day, 100 steps per minute, or other gymnastics, tai chi, swimming, etc.
Smoking cessation: Advise all smokers to quit smoking. Avoid passive smoking.
Limit alcohol: men <355ml beer, red wine <2 taels/day, white wine <1 tael; women reduce by half; non-drinkers should not drink alcohol and cannot use alcohol to prevent stroke.
Maintain a good state of mind and psychological balance.
1. Patients are prone to anxiety or depression: they should strengthen communication with relatives, friends and doctors to reduce the burden of thought; participate in health education and disease self-management; self-psychological adjustment; sports, interests and hobbies; if psychological adjustment cannot be relieved, early medication should be given, such as antidepressants.
2. How can family members help the patient: help the patient to move the paralyzed limbs; encourage and supervise the patient’s activities and participate in family affairs (physical and mental) appropriately; give comfort to the patient’s mind; talk patiently with the patient and help the patient to recall past events and pleasant memories.