The 2017 ADA Diabetes Standards of Care clearly state that for type 2 diabetes, all people should be screened starting at age 45! If the test result is normal, it should be repeated at least once every 3 years. Why should everyone be screened for diabetes after the age of 45? The age of 45 is the golden age for career advancement, and it is also the period of rewarding struggle and enjoyment of life. However, after this age, the functions of various parts of the body begin to gradually decline, and the function of the pancreas is no exception. In addition, over the age of 45, age, obesity, unhealthy ways of sitting, and other factors can also increase the risk of developing diabetes. A 2010 study in The Lancet proved that screening for diabetes starting at age 30-45 prevents heart attacks, death and diabetes-related complications, and increases healthy life years. In addition, early screening for type 2 diabetes not only saves lives, but also saves more in health care costs through early intervention. How to screen for diabetes A special reminder is that screening for diabetes can only be done with intravenous blood sampling and not with a home blood glucose meter, so patients should be reminded to go to a regular hospital for laboratory tests. 1, normal blood sugar, fasting: 3.89-6.11 mmol/L; 2 hours after sugar load blood sugar <7.8 mmol/L. 2, pre-diabetes, refers to "impaired glucose regulation", including impaired fasting blood sugar and reduced glucose tolerance. The former refers to fasting blood glucose 6.1~<7.0 mmol/L, 2 hours after sugar load blood glucose <7.8 mmol/L. The latter refers to fasting blood glucose <7.0 mmol/L, 2 hours after sugar load blood glucose 7.8~<11.1.0 mmol/L. 3. Diagnostic criteria of diabetes mellitus: symptoms of diabetes mellitus (high blood glucose caused by excessive drinking, polyphagia, polyuria, weight loss, skin itching, blurred vision, etc.) Acute metabolic disorder manifestations such as blurred vision) plus random blood glucose ≥ 11.1 mmol/L or fasting blood glucose ≥ 7.0 mmol/L or blood glucose ≥ 11.1 mmol/L 2 hours after glucose load. those without diabetic symptoms need to repeat the examination on another day. Diagnostic criteria for diabetes and impaired glucose tolerance/impaired fasting glucose Note: During the examination, blood can be drawn at the same time to assess the function of the islets to determine the current islet status and whether there is insulin resistance or insulin secretion deficiency, so that targeted treatment measures can be taken. How to prevent diabetes? The 2017 ADA Standards for the Treatment of Diabetes recommend preventing or delaying type 2 diabetes by: 1. Patients with prediabetes are recommended to be monitored for progression to diabetes at least annually. 2. Patients with prediabetes should be referred to an intensive diet and physical activity behavioral counseling program unit with a goal of losing 7% of body weight and increasing moderate intensity physical activity (e.g., brisk walking) to at least 150 minutes per week. 3. Treatment with metformin should be considered for the prevention of type 2 diabetes in patients with prediabetes, especially those with a BMI >35 kg/m2, age <60 years and a history of GDM in women with elevated glycated hemoglobin despite lifestyle interventions. 4, Screening and treatment of modifiable cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disease (CVD) risk factors is recommended. 5. Patients with prediabetes receive education and support through the Diabetes Self-Management (DSME) and Support (DSMS) program to develop and maintain behaviors that can prevent or delay the onset of diabetes. 6. Technology aids including internet-based social networks, distance learning, DVD content and mobile APPs are useful for effective lifestyle interventions to prevent diabetes.