Cryptococcus causes mainly central nervous system, pulmonary and cutaneous lesions, which can be life-threatening in severe cases. Disseminated lesions can also occur in the ends of long bones, joints, liver, spleen, kidneys, heart, testes, prostate, and other organs. Typically, affected tissues contain peptide-like yeast cysts, which are formed by the accumulation of polysaccharides in the cryptococcal cyst membrane, but have only mild or no acute inflammatory changes. In severe cases, sepsis may occur and spread to all organs of the body or even cause death. What is the differential diagnosis of cryptococcal capsular polysaccharide accumulation? Take a look below. Early diagnosis of cryptococcal cystic membrane polysaccharide buildup is particularly important for prognosis and reducing or avoiding sequelae. The early stage mainly relies on the clinician’s high vigilance and should promptly perform cerebrospinal fluid examination such as direct ink picture to check whether there are thick pods of the organism and also perform cerebrospinal fluid culture when encephalopathy is suspected. Central nervous system cryptococcosis must be differentiated from tuberculous meningitis, intracranial occupying lesions and other intracranial diseases. Cryptococcal capsular polysaccharide accumulation is a disease that should be detected early and treated promptly. Because this disease can easily develop secondary to cryptococcal infections such as AIDS and malignant tumors. For such patients, the possibility of the occurrence of cryptococcal infection should be highly alerted. Antifungal agents can be applied as prophylactic treatment before the disease is highly suspected without definite evidence. Patients are advised to go to a professional and regular hospital as soon as they find suspected symptoms to avoid misdiagnosis, delaying the disease and suffering from unnecessary pain.