Atherosclerotic plaque formation in carotid arteries is based on atherosclerotic plaque, which causes stenosis or even occlusion of carotid arteries. Early carotid atherosclerotic plaque, mainly due to lipid deposition in the intima of the artery, can cause local inflammatory reactions and complicate abnormalities of platelets and coagulation factors, leading to the proliferation of elastic fibers in the vessel wall. Over time, this leads to narrowing of the carotid artery, which in turn leads to occlusion of the carotid artery. At this point, this plaque is called fibrous plaque, also known as early plaque. As calcium salts in the blood are deposited in the plaque area, the lipid plaques will gradually evolve into calcified plaques of different degrees. These calcified plaques progressively increase in size with the development of atherosclerosis and can also lead to narrowing or even occlusion of the lumen. Such calcified plaques can clinically present with serious pathological processes and changes such as intraplaque hemorrhage, or plaque ulceration. Once these two conditions occur, they can lead to plaque instability and dislodgement, resulting in embolization of the distal vessels and even acute cerebral infarction. Therefore, the occurrence of carotid plaque should be treated systematically and standardized in a professional vascular surgery.