Indications for prostate enlargement surgery include urinary retention, recurrent hematuria, and combined inguinal hernia, etc. The specifics also depend on the patient’s own factors and willingness to undergo surgery. Usually, the indications for prostate enlargement surgery are as follows: 1. Repeated urinary retention (inability to urinate after at least one extubation or two retention episodes). 2. Recurrent hematuria. 3. Recurrent urinary tract infections. 4. Bladder stones 5. Secondary upper urinary tract fluid (with or without renal impairment). 6. Patients with prostatic hyperplasia combined with inguinal hernia, severe hemorrhoids or prolapse, and those who clinically judge that it is difficult to achieve therapeutic effect without relieving lower urinary tract obstruction, surgical treatment should be considered. The presence of a bladder diverticulum is not an absolute indication for surgery, unless it is associated with recurrent urinary tract infection or progressive bladder dysfunction. 7. Measurement of residual urine volume is useful in determining the degree of lower urinary tract obstruction due to prostatic hyperplasia, but due to the instability of repeated measurements, inter-individual variability, and the inability to differentiate between lower urinary tract obstruction and bladder weakness, the upper limit of residual urine volume for surgical indication is not considered to be established at this time. However, surgical treatment should be considered in patients with prostatic hyperplasia who have a significant increase in residual urine to the point of overflow incontinence. The choice of treatment for prostatic hyperplasia should take into account the physician’s personal experience, the patient’s opinion, the size of the prostate, and the patient’s concomitant disease and general condition.