Technology is constantly developing and the times are moving forward. The medical career in China has also gained rapid development, among which, cranial repair has also made great progress after a tortuous and long exploration. Cranial repair is a common brain surgery procedure for repairing skull defects caused by traumatic brain injury and craniotomy. It has been developed in China for thousands of years. The application of artificial material to repair the defective skull has become the main way to treat skull defects. The earliest skull repair materials are rarely used nowadays because of easy aging, low strength, not easy shaping, poor histocompatibility, easy formation of subcutaneous fluid infection, unsatisfactory shape repair, etc. The surgical operation process is complicated and the failure rate is high. At present, the most commonly used is titanium mesh plate as the restoration material. However, with the improvement of people’s living standard, people’s requirements for cosmetic appearance are getting higher and higher, not only to achieve physiological recovery through skull repair, but also to have no side effects. However, titanium mesh is a metallic material, which makes the post-operative painful and may cause rejection with patients, and it also has the disadvantage of unsatisfactory heat insulation, which makes many patients back off when choosing the material. The ideal cranial repair material should be strong enough, light in mass, permeable to radiation, non-magnetic, easy to sterilize, non-thermal conductive, easy to fix, objective in price and can induce bone formation and growth. A new material, polyether ether ketone, commonly known as PEEK, is currently the most ideal material for repairing cranial defects. In recent years, PEEK has become the latest trend in cranial repair materials due to its biocompatibility, complex shaping, excellent mechanical properties, protective properties, and high postoperative comfort, and it has achieved all the requirements of an ideal material and has been widely recognized by the public and praised by patients.