The main pathogenic organisms of pharyngeal mucosal diffuse congestion are Streptococcus haemolyticus, S. pneumoniae, B. influenzae and viruses. Diagnosis of diffuse pharyngeal mucosal congestion: Acute pharyngitis is an acute inflammation of the pharyngeal mucosa and submucosal tissues. Clinical manifestations: the onset of the disease is rapid, initially the pharynx is dry and burning; followed by pain, swallowing saliva pharyngeal pain is often more pronounced than when eating, may be accompanied by fever, headache, loss of appetite and limb aches, invasion of the larynx, may be accompanied by hoarseness and cough. The typical symptoms of chronic pharyngitis are foreign body sensation in the throat, itching and pain, dryness and burning, etc. There are often sticky secretions attached to the back wall of the pharynx that cannot be easily removed, especially at night, and the “uttering” sounds are intended to be cleared and then quickly. It can cause irritating cough, or even nausea and vomiting. If you see diffuse congestion in the mucous membrane of the pharynx, dark red, with a small amount of mucous secretions, it is chronic simple pharyngitis. The symptoms of chronic hypertrophic pharyngitis can be seen as mucosal thickening, diffuse congestion, or thickening of the palatal arch and soft palate margins, and lymphatic follicles with numerous granular protrusions on the posterior pharyngeal wall. The diagnosis is not difficult based on the history, symptoms and local examination findings. To identify the causative organism, a pharyngeal bacterial culture can be performed. Acute pharyngitis should be noted as a prodromal or concomitant symptom of acute infectious diseases (e.g., measles, scarlet fever, influenza, and pertussis) and is especially important in pediatric patients. In addition, if pseudomembrane necrosis is present in the mouth, pharynx, or tonsils, blood tests should be performed to rule out blood disorders. Acute pharyngitis can cause otitis media, sinusitis, laryngitis, tracheobronchitis, and pneumonia. If the pathogenic bacteria and their toxins invade the blood circulation, it can cause acute nephritis, rheumatic fever, sepsis and other systemic complications. Early malignant lesions of the nose, pharynx, larynx, esophagus and neck only have symptoms similar to those of chronic pharyngitis, so occult lesions in these areas should be excluded and a thorough examination should be performed to avoid misdiagnosis.