How to train bladder function in paraplegic patients?

The urinary and bowel dysfunction caused by spinal cord injury seriously affects the quality of life of patients, causing endless troubles and pain to patients and their families. The inability of the bladder to receive instructions from the brain leads to the inability of the muscles to coordinate to complete urinary movements during urination, resulting in urine retention, which can cause various urinary system diseases over time. So, can bladder function be trained to restore partial function? At present, we mainly divide the bladder function training for paraplegic patients into the following steps: Stage 1: After the patient’s vital signs are stabilized at the early stage of trauma, if the patient is left with a urinary catheter and continues to open drainage for 3 d, no hematuria, scanty urine, urinary tract infection and other conditions occur (routine urine examination is performed here), the catheter is given, and then according to the temperature, the amount of rehydration fluid, water intake, body temperature, sweating, respiration, the amount of digestive excretion and Then, depending on the temperature, rehydration, water intake, body temperature, sweating, respiration, gastrointestinal excretion and the type and amount of food consumed, urine is released once every 0.5-2.0 h. It is appropriate to release 200-300 ml/time to maintain an approximate physiological bladder. Before each urine release, massage and hot compress the bladder, squeeze the bladder and shake the head of the bed when releasing urine (if the condition allows), and ask the patient to do urination exercises. At night, in order to avoid disturbing the patient’s sleep and to avoid excessive urine storage in the bladder, the urinary catheter was continuously opened and drained until the morning of the second day after the urine was released before going to sleep. During the period of indwelling urinary catheter, patients were advised to drink more water (>3000ml/d), keep urine volume above 2500ml/d and perform effective physiological bladder flushing. If the urine drainage is smooth, the urine is clear, the sediment is low and there is no urinary tract infection, bladder flushing is usually not performed to reduce the chance of retrograde infection and to prepare for early freedom from the urinary catheter. Phase 2: After 4-6 weeks of recovery from injury to the spinal cord, the type of bladder state presented by the patient (reflex or non-reflex bladder), with the help of the foundation laid in the previous phase, bladder storage and voiding function training for 1-2 weeks, prolonging the clamping time and bladder storage volume, releasing urine once every 2-4h, controlling urine volume at 300-500ml/time, moderate Increase the strength of massage and pressure on the bladder (except for spastic bladder), and instruct the patient to consciously cooperate with the practice of voiding movements. Phase 3: After 1 or 2 weeks of intensive bladder function training or when the patient can feel the bladder full, or when urine overflows from around the urinary catheter, then try to remove the urinary catheter in the state of bladder fullness, shake the head of the bed high when removing the catheter, wet and hot compress and massage the bladder area to make the bladder into a ball shape, press the bladder with both palms stacked up to urinate, and when pushing the palms of both hands to the front and bottom of the patient’s lower abdomen, instruct the patient to do urinary movements to cooperate, while another health care worker Pull out the urethra slowly so that urine is discharged together with the urethra to achieve the flushing effect of the urinary tract and to improve the success rate of self-voiding after extubation. Phase 4: The patient continued bladder voiding function training after detaching the urinary catheter.