Craniotomy sounds worrying and scary, but in fact, in neurosurgery, craniotomy is actually a very common operation and the technology is becoming more and more mature. Some patients suffering from certain craniosynostosis or traumatic brain injury may need to be treated by craniotomy, and some patients also have intracranial hypertension, so they need to perform decompression of the large bone flap in time, which will remove the skull, thus leaving the problem of cranial defects. How to preserve the skull bone removed by craniotomy? It may be said that in the past, the cranial bone removed by craniotomy was preserved in the abdominal cavity because there was no better artificial material to replace the cranial bone. But in fact, in today’s advanced medical technology, it is generally not recommended to save the skull bone removed during craniotomy for reuse, because it is difficult to preserve on the one hand, and difficult to survive even if it is preserved on the other. And with the continuous change and innovation of skull repair materials, there are already good artificial materials to repair the skull, so there is no need to consider the preservation problem. At present, many local hospitals are using titanium mesh material to perform cranial bone repair surgery. This material has some progress and the risk of surgery is not too big, but after clinical treatment, it still has some shortcomings and some patients have problems such as rejection and infection after surgery. In comparison, our team now uses PEEK, an advanced polymer material with properties close to those of autologous cranial bone, which also compensates for the defects of titanium mesh material and brings excellent treatment results. At the same time, we have also integrated the concept of aesthetic plastic surgery into our procedures and carried out comprehensive PEEK cranioplasty, which has yielded excellent clinical results and good social benefits.