Renal puncture biopsy is a common procedure in nephrology. Using a special puncture device, a small amount of kidney tissue is removed from the kidney under ultrasound guidance for pathological examination and study, thus assisting in the diagnosis of kidney disease and guiding treatment. So what kind of patients need to undergo renal puncture biopsy? Briefly, they include patients with hematuria with proteinuria; patients with significant proteinuria (24-hour urine protein >1g); patients with unexplained impaired renal function; patients with systemic diseases involving the kidneys; and patients with unsatisfactory treatment results after the initial kidney puncture and need to exclude pathological aggravation or alteration. If you happen to be in this group, the specialist nephrologist will also have to assess whether you have contraindications to renal puncture, including severe bleeding tendencies that cannot be corrected (prolonged clotting time, platelets <80×109/L); isolated kidney; atrophic kidney; severe hypertension that cannot be corrected (160/100mmHg or more); active kidney infection; kidney tumor located at the proposed puncture site and not an option for other location for the operation. In addition, in patients with severe anemia, blood transfusion is required until hemoglobin reaches 80 g/l. If toxin levels are high, several preoperative hemodialysis sessions may be performed to reduce toxin levels in order to mitigate their adverse effects on the coagulation system. After evaluation and confirmation that you are ready for a renal puncture biopsy, you will be notified to be hospitalized for an elective examination. Many patients are now on antithrombotic medications, including bye aspirin, clopidogrel, and low molecular heparin, because of the presence of cardiovascular-related disease. It is important to communicate with the resident about the use of the above drugs in a timely manner upon admission. To reduce the risk of bleeding, low molecular heparin needs to be discontinued 3 days prior to renal puncture and antiplatelet agents 5 days prior to renal puncture. Female patients should pay attention to their menstrual cycle and need to avoid menstrual period for renal puncture biopsy. You will also need to practice holding your breath and urinating in bed prior to the renal puncture. After the renal puncture is successfully completed, you will be returned to the ward with your family in a flat cart. After you return to the ward, the medical staff will perform 24-hour cardiac monitoring and keep 3 consecutive urine routine. All you have to do is to insist on ensuring absolute lumbar brake for 6 hours, and the upper and lower limbs can move appropriately. If your condition allows, you can drink more water and urinate more often. If no complications arise, you can get out of bed after 24 hours of lying down. Please also try to avoid strenuous activities and vibration for 2 weeks after the kidney puncture. Of course, if there are special circumstances, the nephroporation physician will adjust the medical advice according to your condition. Renal puncture biopsy is a very common procedure in nephrology. You do not need to be overly nervous, please relax and actively cooperate with the medical care.