The history of laparoscopic surgery, which has been used in Russia since 1901, was only successfully completed in China in 1991, when the first case of laparoscopic surgery was performed. In 1901, Ott, a gynecologist in Petersburg, Russia, made a small incision in the anterior abdominal wall, inserted a speculum into the abdominal cavity, and used a cephaloscope to reflect light into the abdominal cavity to examine the abdominal cavity. In the same year, Kelling, a German surgeon, inserted a cystoscope into the abdominal cavity of a dog for examination and called this examination an endoscopic examination of the laparoscope. Ji Mei, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University The term laparoscopy was first used in 1910 by Jacobaeus of Stockholm, Sweden, who used a trocar needle to create a pneumoperitoneum. 1911 Bernhein, a surgeon at JohnsHopkins Hospital in the United States, inserted a rectoscope into the abdominal cavity through an incision in the abdominal wall and used emitted light as the light source. In 1924 Stone, an internist in Kansas, USA, inserted a nasopharyngoscope into the abdominal cavity of a dog and recommended a rubber gasket to help close the puncture cannula to avoid air leakage during the operation. In 1938 Veress, a Hungarian surgeon, introduced an air-injection needle that could be safely made into a pneumothorax; when doing a pneumoperitoneum, the tip of the needle could be prevented from damaging the internal organs under the needle. The idea of making a pneumoperitoneum with an eclectic safety puncture needle was generally accepted and is used today. The inventor of true targeted laparotomy was Kalk, a German gastroenterologist, who invented a lenticular system with a straight forward oblique view of 135°. He is considered to be the founder of laparoscopy for diagnosing liver and gallbladder diseases in Germany. He was the first to advocate the double trocar puncture needle technique in 1929. In 1972 the American Association of Gynecologic Laparoscopists planned to perform nearly 500,000 laparoscopies in the following years, and this method of examination has become widely accepted by gynecologists. Nearly 1/3 of the gynecologic procedures performed at Cedars-Sniai Medical Center in Los Angeles used diagnostic or therapeutic laparoscopic techniques. In 1986 Cuschieri began animal experiments with laparoscopic cholecystectomy, and in 1988 at the First World Congress of Surgical Endoscopy he reported a successful laparoscopic cholecystectomy in experimental animals, which was applied clinically in February 1989. The first successful laparoscopic cholecystectomy in man was performed by the French surgeon Philipe Mouret, who in 1987 performed a successful but unreported laparoscopic treatment of gynecological disease in the same patient with a diseased cholecystectomy. In May 1988, Dubois in Paris also applied laparoscopic cholecystectomy in pigs on a clinical basis, with results first published in France and shown on video at the annual meeting of the American Society of Gastrointestinal Endoscopists in April 1989, which was a world sensation. The results were first published in France and shown in a video at the annual meeting of the American Society of Gastrointestinal Endoscopists in April 1989, which became a world-wide sensation. In February 1991, Xun Zuwu completed the first laparoscopic cholecystectomy in China, which was also the first laparoscopic surgery in China. In 1993, Professor Liu Yan of the Second Military Medical University performed the first hysterectomy in China and was the first to perform laparoscopic surgery for giant ovarian tumor removal, shock ectopic pregnancy, and severe endometriosis.