1. What is vascular disease?
Diseases resulting from rupture or blockage of human blood vessels due to various reasons, resulting in impaired blood supply to the corresponding tissues and organs are called vascular diseases. Blockage is also divided into arterial ischemic disease and venous stasis disease.
2. Which tissues and organs are commonly affected by vascular diseases?
(1) Ruptured hemorrhagic vascular disease: mostly occurs in the aorta and intracranial vessels, clinically seen in aortic aneurysm rupture hemorrhage, cerebral hemorrhage, subjugular hemorrhage and other diseases.
(2) Vascular occlusive disease: a wide range.
Arterial ischemic diseases: can occur in the brain, heart, kidney, and extremities (especially in the lower extremities), and are clinically seen in.
① ischemic chronic dizziness (fainting), multiple lacunar cerebral infarction (lacunar infarction), cerebral infarction caused by cerebral ischemia.
(ii) coronary artery disease caused by cardiac ischemia: manifested as chronic myocardial ischemia, angina pectoris, myocardial infarction, etc.
(iii) renal ischemia caused by renal ischemia: manifested by gradual decline in renal function, requiring hemodialysis in severe cases.
④ ischemia of extremities (mainly lower extremities), causing lower extremity atherosclerosis occlusive disease, diabetic foot, arterial embolism, femoral head necrosis: mostly manifested as numbness of hands and feet, pain in lower extremities, difficulty in walking (intermittent claudication), ischemic necrosis of toes, etc.
Venous stasis diseases: manifested as corresponding tissue stasis (depressed blood), such as varicose veins of lower limbs, deep vein thrombosis of lower limbs, hemorrhoids, etc..
3. What are the causes of bleeding disorders?
The congenital factor is hemangioma, and the acquired factors are hypertension and atherosclerosis. The long-term impact of high pressure blood protrudes the parts with large curvature of blood vessels to form hemangioma, or makes the original hemangioma bigger and easy to rupture; arteriosclerosis damages the structure of the tube wall, and some plaques rupture and fall off or form arterial entrapment, which are the risk factors leading to the rupture of blood vessels. However, due to the improvement of people’s health awareness (e.g. insisting on blood pressure lowering treatment) and the update of treatment means (e.g. early surgery to prevent “dangerous” artery rupture), the clinical “vascular rupture event” is much lower than “vascular blockage The number of “rupture events” is much lower than that of “blockage events”.
4. What are the causes of ischemic vascular disease?
The direct causes are mainly vascular and blood factors, while vascular factors include vascular sclerosis and spasm (constriction), and blood factors include increased blood viscosity and platelet aggregation (thrombus formation). Vascular sclerosis can be caused by physiological natural aging or by pathological “three highs”, and the latter can lead to earlier and more severe sclerosis; vascular sclerosis causes mechanical narrowing of the lumen, and vascular spasm causes functional narrowing of the lumen, which is characterized by occurring at any time and can be relieved automatically or by relaxing and relieving with drugs, inducing The common causes of spasm are cold and emotional changes; while the causes of elevated blood viscosity are mostly due to blood concentration, high blood lipids, or relatively active coagulation system function, and platelet aggregation is mostly due to damaged blood vessel wall lesions. Among the many factors of blood vessel blockage, vascular sclerosis is the most important cause. In addition, acute thromboembolism is also a cause. The clinical symptoms are the result of multiple factors, among which the more difficult to treat is the dissolution of the “thrombus” composed of fibrin and platelets, which is currently the biggest problem in the medical field (because it is restricted by the “effective time window” of thrombolytic drugs).
5. What are the causes of stasis disease due to venous blockage?
Venous stasis can be caused by different reasons, either by deep vein thrombosis in the lower extremities or by varicose veins in the lower extremities (but not by heart failure). The main clinical manifestations are stasis, swelling, pain, or even itching, ulceration, and infection to form ulcers in severe cases.
6. What is the general prevention and treatment method of hemorrhagic vascular disease?
Effective and long-term reduction of high blood pressure to an appropriate state is the primary measure, followed by strengthening regular review and observation of known aneurysms, and taking early surgical measures if necessary.
7. What are the general prevention and treatment methods for vascular blockage diseases?
The following two aspects are described here.
(1) Arterial ischemic diseases: anti-spasm, anti-sclerosis and anti-thrombosis should be carried out, and the prevention is to prevent spasm (nitrate), lower the three highs to prevent sclerosis, anticoagulation (drinking water, lipid lowering, warfarin) and platelet aggregation (aspirin), and traditional Chinese medicine also has a certain effect on improving the blood coagulation status; while the treatment is to antispasm (nitrate), soften the blood vessels at present there is no special medicine (mostly stents, bypass bridge to cure), but Clotting and platelet aggregation to form “thrombus” must be “thrombolysis” to eliminate the blockage. At present, only the western drug urokinase is available for thrombolysis, but it must be effective within 3 hours after the formation of thrombus. Rteplase (recombinant human tissue-type fibrinolytic enzyme), but the effective time window is still 4.5 hours. Therefore, it is estimated that about 98% of patients with acute ischemic stroke alone cannot be treated with thrombolysis due to time delay.
(2) Venous stasis diseases: reducing blood clotting and dissolving thrombus are the main prevention and treatment measures, and the effective time window for thrombolysis is also the main reason why these diseases are difficult to treat.
Can we find a way out from Chinese medicine to break the problem of “effective time window” of thrombolysis of Western medicine? From the treatment effect of proprietary Chinese medicine listed at present, there is no obvious effect. In this regard, I have made some explorations in the clinical work of combining Chinese and Western medicine in treating vascular diseases, and combined with the analysis of the treatment effect of some Chinese medicine vascular disease hospitals in China, I think there is hope to solve this problem as long as the Chinese medicine is carefully excavated and researched, and I have seen the promising seeds in clinical practice.
8. What is the clinical significance of thrombus dissolution in opening blocked vascular diseases?
In general, the lumen of arteriosclerosis is not completely blocked, and most of those who have serious or complete blockage of blood vessels have thrombus involved, and many of them are formed chronically and progressively. Therefore, finding a drug that is not limited by time is the key to unblock the blood vessel.
Once the thrombus can be dissolved without time limitation, the following diseases will be effectively treated, such as cerebral infarction, coronary heart disease, arterial thromboembolism, diabetic foot, arteriosclerosis occlusive disease, lower extremity deep vein thrombosis, lower extremity varicose veins complications and other difficult to treat diseases will be greatly improved.