1, hydrocephalus: obstructive hydrocephalus, traffic hydrocephalus and normal pressure hydrocephalus, etc. Cerebrospinal fluid shunts, especially ventriculoperitoneal shunts, have many postoperative complications, especially hydrocephalus in infants and children, and as the children grow up, they need to be operated on again to replace the shunts (cumulative complications can be as high as 85% 10 years after surgery). Neuroendoscopic surgery has significantly fewer complications, is less invasive and more effective, and does not require placement and replacement of shunts. For obstructive hydrocephalus caused by tumors, the lesion can be resected or biopsied at the same time as the hydrocephalus is treated, which not only reduces the number of operations and the trauma to the patient, but also saves the operation cost. 2.Intracerebral cysts, intracerebral cystic lesions, cerebral cysticercosis, lesions of the ventricular wall: such as tumors, brain abscesses, ventriculitis, Rathke’s cyst, etc. can be treated by neuroendoscopic surgery. 3, intracranial arachnoid cysts: lateral fissure arachnoid cysts, suprasellar cysts, occipital pool cysts, cerebral convex cysts, etc. Endoscopic surgery is used to open the cyst wall under the endoscope for multi-point fistulas, and some patients can have the lesions completely removed, and most of them can completely relieve hydrocephalus. 4.Pituitary tumor: Most of the pituitary tumors can be removed by endoscopic transnasal approach, especially the tumors growing in the direction of the pterygoid sinus, because of good illumination, the endoscope can be extended into the tumor cavity to observe whether there is any residue, etc. The total excision rate of the tumor is high, the trauma is smaller, the nasal cavity can not be filled, and the postoperative pain is small. 5.Slope tumors: such as chordoma, osteoma, tumors in the butterfly sinus, cavernous sinus and other tumors that are difficult to reach and reveal by conventional craniotomy, can be treated by endoscopic surgery through the nasal cavity, without external incision. 6.Brain tumors: some intracranial gliomas, hemangioblastomas, glial cysts, craniopharyngiomas, saddle nodes and olfactory groove meningiomas can be removed by endoscopic surgery; occupying lesions in CPA area such as auditory neuroma and cholesteatoma can also be removed with the aid of endoscopy, and the latter is more conducive to complete removal under endoscopy. 7.Cerebrospinal fluid leak, optic canal injury, chronic subdural hematoma, ventricular hemorrhage and cerebral hemorrhage: compared with traditional surgery, the surgery is less traumatic and has fewer postoperative complications. 8.Microvascular decompression: trigeminal neuralgia, facial spasm, glossopharyngeal neuralgia and intractable vertigo can be performed endoscopically for neurovascular decompression. 9.Chiari malformation: i.e. submicrocephalic tonsillar herniation malformation. For some patients with combined hydrocephalus, third ventriculostomy can be performed; for some patients, endoscopic decompression of occipital foramen magnum can be performed with minimal trauma and quick recovery.