Health education on hepatobiliary duct stones

  I. Disease concept Hepatobiliary stones refer to the production of stones in the intrahepatic bile duct system, so, it is also called intrahepatic bile duct stones. They are often combined with extrahepatic bile duct stones, but there are also simple intrahepatic bile duct stones, also known as true intrahepatic stone disease.  The causes of hepatobiliary stones are bile duct infection, bile duct parasites, and bile stasis. Most of the stones are pigmented mixed stones with high amount of calcium bilirubin. The pathological changes caused by stone formation are mainly bile duct obstruction and infection. Bile duct obstruction can cause bile duct stasis, bile duct dilatation, biliary cirrhosis, bile duct inflammation involving liver parenchyma can cause liver abscess, liver atrophy, long-term stimulation of gallstones and chronic inflammation can complicate bile duct cancer or liver cancer, and stones falling into the common bile duct can cause clinical manifestations of common bile duct stones.  Clinical manifestations 1. When intrahepatic bile duct stones are combined with common bile duct stones, the clinical manifestations are similar to those of common bile duct stones.  2.Distension and pain in the liver area, chest and back.  3.Chills and high fever may appear when obstruction occurs.  4.Hepatic abscess, bile duct hemorrhage, hepatocellular carcinoma and bile duct cancer may occur.  5.Signs The liver is asymmetrically enlarged, with pressure pain and percussion pain in the liver area.  6.CT can clearly show the stone intrahepatic bile duct dilatation and liver parenchyma lesions.  4. Rehabilitation guidance 1. Pay attention to rest and avoid strenuous exercise within one month after surgery.  2.Guidance on reasonable diet, in terms of dietary pattern, it is advisable to have regular and quantitative meals, small amount and many meals, not too full. Avoid overeating within 2~3 months after surgery, and give high protein, high vitamin, low fat, easy to digest diet with small amount of meals. Do not eat animal brain, kidney, egg yolk, fish roe, fried food, spicy products, quit smoking and alcohol. It is advisable to eat more radish, green vegetables, beans, soy milk and other foods, in addition, should be supplemented with some fruits, fruit juices, etc., to make up for the loss of vitamins.  3.Rational use of medication. Explain the importance of medication, and guide the use of medication on time and in the right amount.  4, explain the time and importance of review. Patients discharged with T-tube keep the drainage tube unobstructed, fixed and sterile, and regularly give methotrexate or saline with gentamicin to flush and change the wound dressing. If the yellow bile is aggravated, the wound is red, swollen and purulent, seek medical attention immediately.  5.Cultivate good hygiene habits, such as washing hands before and after meals, not eating raw food, and washing vegetables.  6.Take deworming drugs regularly, adults should be dewormed once every 2~3 years.