High-grade intraepithelial neoplasia mainly refers to high-grade intraepithelial neoplasia, and the term intraepithelial neoplasia can be used in a wide range of clinical applications, such as digestive tract tumors, uterine cervix, and prostate. It mainly refers to intraepithelial neoplasia occurring in heterogeneous proliferative changes of epithelial cells, which are classified as mild, moderate or severe, and high-grade intraepithelial neoplasia includes the category of severe heterogeneous proliferation and carcinoma in situ. Therefore, if patients are diagnosed with high-grade intraepithelial neoplasia, they must pay high attention to it and be treated with surgical excision if necessary to prevent cancer. High-grade intraepithelial neoplasia can easily develop into carcinoma or infiltrative changes if not treated effectively and actively, so patients are advised to actively seek medical treatment to prevent delaying the disease.