4 to 6 months old babies to eat and sleep to start to establish a routine, because this period of the child’s mobility began to increase, the emergence of stretching, leg jumping activities on all fours. So mothers should also begin to teach their babies to learn the skills. For example: grasp, roll over, sit, and even crawl. In addition, babies can express their emotions. The baby recognizes and begins to attach to the mother, his personality characteristics are more intense. So during this period, mothers should fully understand the developmental characteristics of their children. I. Physical development The growth of weight is an important indicator to check whether the baby is fed properly. The growth of head circumference is an important indicator of brain development, especially for children at risk of brain damage. The growth of length is mainly related to genetic factors. Sleep 4~6 months old infants sleep 13-14 hours a day, including 2 naps during the day and at least 6 hours of continuous sleep at night. Third, motor, intelligent development, etc. 1, motor development a. 4 months baby As the strength of the neck and back muscles increases, the baby will begin to meet the first action leap – pull sit up. At this month, he will be able to lift his head and chest when supported by his elbows. This is an important achievement, allowing him to gain freedom and to look around as he wishes. You will notice your child flexing and straightening his legs on his own, and later he will try to bend his knees and find that he can jump. Prone can lift his head to 90 degrees; his head is stable when held vertically; he can stand for a few moments holding his armpits; with the help of mom and dad, the baby will move from a flat position to a lying down position. Can hold his clothes and small quilt still; shake and gaze at the rattle in his hands; hand-eye coordination movement starts to happen; when lying flat, he will look up and see his small feet. When lying on his back, he can straighten his legs and gently lift his buttocks. Cannot sit independently yet. The baby is interested in all the objects around the crib and wants to grasp and touch them. b. 5 Months Learning to sit with legs apart in a “tripod” position with hands in front of him for support (or bow-backed sitting). He will now take on a major challenge – sitting up. As his back and neck muscles gradually gain strength and his head, neck and trunk balance develop, he begins to take the small step of “sitting up”. First he learns to lift his head and hold his position while lying prone. You can have him lie on his back with his arms facing forward and place a bell or eye-catching toy in front of him to attract his attention and induce him to keep his head up and look at you. Lying on his back can be used to support his whole body with both hands and hold it into a sitting position, able to sit alone for a while, but sometimes both hands still need to be supported in front of him. c. 6 months Some children can sit alone in bed for a while without leaning. At this time, when lying prone, the baby can use the elbow to support the chest up, but the abdomen is still leaning against the bed. When lying on their back, they like to hold their legs straight up. As the head and neck muscles mature, children of this age can hold their heads firmly upright, so they do not want to be held horizontally by their parents and prefer to be held upright by adults. Once the child raises his chest, you can help him “practice” sitting up. 2. Language and communication At 4 months, your child starts to “babble” and although it sounds like gibberish, listen carefully and you will see that your baby can produce different tones. At 5 to 6 months, you can teach him to call “daddy” and “mommy”, as well as simple syllables such as “milk”, “hug” and “go”. ” and “go” and so on. At 5 months of age, when a baby cries, if a piece of music is played, the baby will stop crying, turn his head to look for the place where the music is being played, and focus on listening. When hearing a soft and beautiful tune, the baby will giggle. When looking at a familiar person or object, the baby will take the initiative to pronounce the sound; when hearing a name called, the baby will gaze and smile; the baby will start to pronounce g, h, l and so on. At this time, the baby’s voice is getting richer and tries to “talk” by blowing, babbling, screaming and laughing. Six-month-old babies, as long as they are not sleeping, their mouths are constantly “talking”, and although the mother and father do not understand what the baby is saying, they can still feel what the baby is saying. For example, the baby will be fiddling with the toys in his hands while making sounds such as “ka…da…ma”, as if he is saying something to himself. 3.Emotional and social development 4-6 months old babies will undergo great changes in terms of emotions. They begin to show joy when they see their mother, especially when they cry at night, and will stop crying if their mother picks them up. This is the beginning of attachment behavior. Attachment is an important step in the emotional development of an individual. If the mother is responsive to the child’s needs, the child will feel secure, have self-esteem, and will adapt well by contributing to the development of the baby’s active exploration and cognitive skills, which are the basis for the formation of a healthy personality. The child will not be very friendly to everyone, he will like his parents the most and by the fourth month will like other children. If he has older siblings, you will see him very happy when they talk to him. He will turn his head to look for the sound of children in the street or on TV. As the child gets older, his liking for children increases. In contrast, with strangers he will only glance curiously or smile a little. He may have learned to use hand-waving and other movements to indicate a happy mood; fearful or unpleasant emotions begin to appear. Lying in bed babbling on his own, suddenly the baby’s movements stop and his eyes stop looking around, but only stare at one place, and after a while they return to normal. What the baby wants to express is that I am happy to talk and laugh, but I was playing and suddenly remembered something, I froze and thought for a while, but I could not think clearly, so let’s continue to play. Hold your baby and sit across from the mirror, let your baby face the mirror, then tap the glass to draw your baby’s attention to his own image in the mirror, he can clearly look at his own figure, smile at himself in the mirror and “talk” to him. A 5-month-old baby is happy to hear the sound of his mother or a familiar person talking, not just smiling, but sometimes laughing out loud. At this point, the baby is a happy, lovable little person. Smiles are now readily visible, and, unless your baby is sick or unwell, the delightful smiles displayed for long periods of time each day will light up your life and his. This is a time to strengthen the close relationship between baby and parent. Six-month-old babies smile when they are happy, cry when they are frightened or upset, and change moods especially quickly, crying with great devotion just now, and laughing uncontrollably in the next moment. When the mother left, the baby’s small mouth flattened as if want to cry, or cry up. If a toy is taken away from the baby’s hand, he or she will cry in terror as if he or she has been hurt. When the baby hears the mother’s gentle and affectionate words, he will open his little mouth and giggle, and gather his little hands together in front of his chest like clapping. At six months, he can already find himself in the mirror and chat with this new companion. He smiles when looking in the mirror and touches the person in the mirror with his hand. He is able to know his own name and will respond to being called by his name. At six months, your baby is in the “discovery” stage. As his cognitive skills develop, he will soon discover objects such as bells and key chains that make interesting sounds when shaken. When he throws some objects on the table or onto the floor, he may initiate a cascade of auditory responses, including joyful expressions, moans, or other responses that cause objects to reappear or disappear again. He begins to deliberately drop objects and asks you to pick them up for him. Don’t be impatient, because this is an important time for him to learn about cause and effect and to influence his environment through his ability to do so. Now, babies are becoming more active and curious about the world. This is a very important stage in the formation of baby’s self-esteem, so parents should pay enough attention to give encouragement to baby at the right time, so that baby can build up good self-confidence. When he wants to do something dangerous or do things that disturb the rest of the family members, you have to restrain, however, the most effective way for you to deal with this problem at this time is to distract the child with toys or other activities. 4, teething and fetal hair shedding period Because the baby’s saliva secretion and shallow oral cavity, coupled with lip closure and swallowing action is not yet coordinated, the baby can not swallow the secreted saliva in time, so will be a lot of drool. At this time, in order to protect the baby’s neck and chest from getting wet with saliva, you can give the baby a bib. Note: The time when children start teething varies greatly, and the normal range is from 4 to 10 months, as long as teething within 10 months is within the normal range. Do you find that at 5 months the hair on the back of the baby’s head is almost gone, the pillow is covered with the baby’s fine soft fetal hair, while the front half and the left and right sides, there is still a bit of fetal hair. This period of time, the baby, is the period of fetal hair shedding, the back of the head area because often touch the pillow, so the fetal hair shedding most obvious. Only after the baby has shed all of the hair will new hair with different textures be produced. At that time, some babies may grow a black and thick black hair; some babies may have a slightly yellow hair with curls. 5, hearing and pronunciation This period of the child in the language development and emotional communication progress faster. When happy, he will laugh loudly and the sound of laughter is clear and pleasant. When someone speaks to him, he will make cackling sounds, as if he is talking to you. He is interested in his own voice and can produce some monosyllables and repeat them over and over. Can make high-pitched shouts or make nice sounds. The babbling voice becomes longer in pitch.