Renal puncture is a common invasive test in nephrology, which can clarify the type of pathology and has great significance in guiding treatment and determining prognosis, so it is still very important. The conditions that require renal puncture are as follows: First, patients with atypical acute glomerulonephritis need to have renal puncture. Secondly, patients with acute glomerulonephritis, primary nephrotic syndrome and acute renal failure need to have renal puncture. Thirdly, renal biopsy can also be done for renal transplantation where the cause of renal hypofunction is unclear or where rejection is not clear for the next step of treatment. Fourth, for typical patients with acute glomerulonephritis, if the treatment does not remit after the occurrence of acute renal failure, renal puncture biopsy is required. Fifth, primary nephrotic syndrome in children and adolescents, because they are more likely to have microscopic lesions or mild thylakoid hyperplasia, can be treated with hormone therapy first, and if there is no clinical effect after eight weeks of regular treatment, kidney puncture should also be performed.