The ovaries are located on the posterior and lateral side of the uterine fundus and are connected to the lateral wall of the pelvic cavity, fixed by the associated ligaments. As the female gonads, the ovaries have the following main functions: one is to produce eggs and ovulate, reflecting their reproductive function; the other is to synthesize and secrete sex hormones, such as estrogen, progesterone, androgen and more than 20 kinds of hormones and growth factors, controlling many parts of the skeletal, immune, reproductive and nervous systems of the human body, which play an important role in women’s It controls many parts of the skeletal, immune, reproductive and nervous systems, and plays an important role in women’s life activities. However, the occurrence of ovarian lesions, especially malignant lesions, will bring heavy disasters to women. The causes of ovarian cancer and related factors are unproductive, infertile, early menarche, and late menopause as risk factors for ovarian cancer. This may be due to the continuous damage and repair of ovarian surface epithelium caused by continuous ovulation. During the repair process, ovarian surface epithelial cells may mutate, increasing the chance of ovarian epithelial inclusion cysts, thus inducing the occurrence of ovarian cancer. Related studies have shown that women with a family history of hereditary ovarian cancer and breast cancer, and women with a family history of hereditary non-polyposis colon cancer are the vulnerable groups of ovarian cancer. Histopathological types of ovarian cancer The ovary has complex tissue components and is the organ with the most types of primary tumors in all organs of the body, and the histological structure and biological behavior of different types of ovarian tumors as well as the age of predilection are quite different. The main histopathological subtypes can be: 1. plasmacytoid cystic adenocarcinoma, mucinous cystic adenocarcinoma, and ovarian endometrioid carcinoma. 2. Ovarian germ cell tumors: Mostly seen in young women under 30 years of age, preferably in children and adolescents. It is a group of ovarian tumors derived from germ cells, accounting for 20% to 40% of ovarian tumors. 3. Interstitial tumors of ovarian gonads: These tumors originate from the gonads and interstitial tissues in the primitive gonads and account for 5% to 8% of ovarian malignant tumors, which often have endocrine function and are therefore called functional ovarian tumors. 4. Metastatic tumors: the primary sites are mostly in the gastrointestinal tract, breast and reproductive organs. Laboratory-related tumor markers: There is no one tumor marker that is exclusive for a particular tumor, but various types of ovarian tumors can have relatively specific markers that can be used to aid in diagnosis and disease monitoring. 1.CA125: CA125 level is higher than normal in 80% of ovarian epithelial cancer patients (normal value: <35IU/ml); the level of CA125 is consistent with remission or deterioration in more than 90% of patients, so it can be used for disease monitoring with high sensitivity. 2, AFP: specific value for ovarian endodermal sinus tumor, assist diagnostic significance for immature teratoma, mixed asexual cell tumor with yolk sac component; 3, HCG: specific for primary ovarian choriocarcinoma, 4, sex hormones: granulosa cell tumor, follicular membrane cell tumor produces higher levels of estrogen. Plasmacytoma, mucinous or brenner's stay can sometimes also secrete some amount of estrogen.