Thalassemia is a genetic disorder in which the synthesis of erythrocyte globin peptide chains is impaired due to genetic defects. In general, thalassemia gene carrier means that the patient has the thalassemia gene, the patient does not have any clinical manifestations, and the patient’s hemoglobin concentration is normal, and the infiltration fragility test of red blood cells is also normal, but the average volume of red blood cells, the average amount of red blood cells hemoglobin, and the average concentration of red blood cells hemoglobin can be found to be mildly reduced during routine blood tests. For patients with mild thalassemia, there is usually a mild anemia, while the mean hemoglobin concentration, mean red blood cell volume, and mean hemoglobin volume have a more significant decrease than those of thalassemia gene carriers. In addition, patients with mild thalassemia may have infections or take certain oxidants that may induce hemolysis and aggravate the condition.