I. Knowledge about cataract and ultrasound emulsification Cataract is a common disease in ophthalmology, a multi-morbidity, and one of the most major blinding eye diseases worldwide. According to the incomplete statistics of the World Health Organization, there are about 27-35 million blind people in the world, among which there are about 16-21 million cataracts, and there are about 5 million cataracts in China. I. What is cataract?
In 1982, the World Health Organization set the diagnostic criteria for cataract: the lens is cloudy, the visual acuity is below 0.7, and other eye diseases are excluded, and cataract can be diagnosed.
Second, how is cataract formed?
The causes of cataract are many, and the more clear causes include aging, genetic and metabolic abnormalities, trauma, poisoning, radiation, and local nutritional disorders, all of which can cause degeneration of lens proteins, resulting from the long-term combined effects of various factors such as nutrition, metabolism and genetics on the lens.
Third, how is cataract classified?
1.According to the etiology, they are classified as senile (age-related), traumatic, concurrent, metabolic, toxic, radiation, developmental and posterior cataracts. 2.According to the time of onset, they are classified as congenital and acquired cataracts. Cataracts can be classified in different ways, among which the most common clinical one is senile cataract.
Geriatric cataract often affects both eyes, but the onset may be sequential and the degree of onset may not be the same. The main manifestations are shadow or foggy vision in front of the eyes, gradual decrease of vision, no eye redness and eye pain. Individual patients may have iris vision, monocular diplopia or photophobia. Children with congenital cataract may have sluggish movements and poor eye following movement.
What are the methods to treat cataract?
1.Medication: There are no drugs with certain efficacy. Early cataracts can be treated with some drugs to slow down the development of the disease, such as Visine, Catarine, Salprace and other eye drops. 2.
Why is ultrasound emulsification the best treatment for cataract at present?
There are many surgical treatment methods for cataract, but traditional surgery requires a large incision of 10-12mm to remove the cloudy lens, requires suturing of the incision and hospitalization, and has more intraoperative and postoperative complications. Ultrasound emulsification requires only about 3mm incision and uses ultrasound emulsifier to emulsify and suck out the cloudy lens, which is the best method to treat cataract at present and has the following advantages: 1. small surgical incision, no suture, small postoperative astigmatism, fast recovery and good results; 2. not easy to tear the posterior capsule during surgery, low chance of postoperative complications such as macular cystoid edema and retinal detachment; 3. advancing the timing of surgery to the immature As long as the cataract causes your vision to drop below 0.5 and affects your daily life and work, you can have surgery, and you don’t have to wait until your vision drops to only light perception or manual, which shortens the painful process of cataract bringing patients unclear things.
VII. What examinations should be done before cataract ultrasonic emulsification surgery?
1.Ocular examination: visual function, anterior segment, intraocular pressure, optometry, corneal curvature, A/B ultrasound; 2.Systemic examination: blood pressure, blood and urine routine, liver function, (fasting) blood sugar, ECG, etc. Find out if there is any preoperative cough, constipation, history of drug allergy, mental abnormalities, etc. If there are abnormalities, measures should be taken to treat them.