Gastroesophageal reflux disease is a chronic refractory disease whose main pathogenesis is gastroesophageal dysmotility (transient relaxation of the lower esophageal sphincter). There is no ideal treatment drug for the cause of this disease, and it is crucial for patients to adhere to long-term treatment. Baclofen can be used to treat transient lower esophageal sphincter relaxation, but it is clinically difficult for patients to accept it because of some side effects. Gastroesophageal reflux disease is still mainly treated by medication. For the pathogenesis of this disease, three types of drugs, such as acid suppressants, mucosal protectors and prokinetic agents, are generally applied. Drug treatment can effectively repair the broken esophageal mucosa and relieve clinical symptoms. There is no unanimous expert consensus on how long to continue treatment after achieving significant efficacy (basic control of reflux symptoms) with the application of medication, but if medication is stopped prematurely after achieving efficacy, the condition is likely to relapse in a short period of time. Therefore, it is generally accepted that the minimum course of medication for patients is 8 weeks, with the physician judging whether maintenance therapy is needed after remission to prevent recurrence. If the reflux symptoms have been completely controlled or disappeared, and the inflammatory changes in the esophageal mucosa have been repaired by gastroscopic review, patients can prevent and treat the disease by changing their diet, controlling certain diets, controlling tobacco and alcohol, losing weight, sleeping with the head of the bed elevated, and other lifestyle modification measures, and many patients with mild cases can thus obtain symptom control without necessarily needing special medication. If symptoms recur thereafter, patients should restart medications and use an on-demand approach or intermittently take medications and use an on-demand approach to treat the disease. In addition to medication, gastroesophageal reflux disease can be treated surgically if necessary. In recent years, trans-laparoscopic fundoplication has gradually become the most commonly used anti-reflux surgical procedure, and its efficacy has been proven. Surgery can be considered in the following cases: those who have failed medical treatment; those who cannot tolerate long-term medication; those who have some comorbidities caused by GERD, such as gastrointestinal bleeding and esophageal stricture caused by recurrent mucosal erosion, and have failed to obtain good results after endoscopic dilatation; those who have recurrent pneumonia or even asthma; and those who have severe hyperplasia or cancer in Barrett’s esophagus. Some scholars believe that this procedure is not only suitable for patients with GERD who have failed medical treatment, but also as a prudent option for patients diagnosed with this disease who do not want to take medication for a long time or repeatedly, or who do not want to change their lifestyle. Therefore, it can be said that GERD is a disease that can be known, prevented and treated.