The treatment of allergic rhinitis includes the following methods: 1. Avoid contact with allergens. Contact with well-defined allergens should be avoided as much as possible. Such as clean living environment, kill mites, fungi, etc.; allergic to pollen, reduce the pollen season to go out; allergic to animal dander, feathers, avoid contact with animals, birds, etc. 2. Drug treatment. At present, the main treatment of allergic rhinitis are antihistamines, glucocorticoids, decongestants, anticholinergics, leukotriene receptor antagonists and mast cell stabilizers 6 types of drugs, these drugs can effectively control the symptoms of allergic rhinitis, but can not yet achieve the purpose of the root cause. Antihistamines and glucocorticoids are the first-line drugs for the treatment of allergic rhinitis and are mainly administered by nasal spray and oral administration. In the process of clinical application, different drugs and their usage should be selected according to the type of symptoms of different patients, and the combination and alternate use of drugs are recommended. (1) Antihistamines: The administration methods include nasal topical application and oral administration, and their mechanism of action is mainly competitive antagonism of histamine H1 receptors, and some of them also have immunomodulatory effects, which can effectively relieve clinical symptoms such as nasal itching, sneezing and runny nose. The first generation of antihistamines such as chlorpheniramine, isopropazine, etc. have been used sparingly because of the central inhibitory effect, the second generation of antihistamines such as loratadine and cetirizine to overcome this shortcoming, but some of them such as terfenadine and astemizole may occur rare, serious cardiotoxicity, and can not be used simultaneously with ketoconazole, itraconazole and erythromycin. (2) Glucocorticoids: They reduce vascular permeability, inhibit the survival and activation of inflammatory cells, and suppress the production of inflammatory mediators and cytokines, thereby inhibiting the inflammatory process at multiple levels through multiple pathways. Oral administration is only suitable for patients with acute, severe conditions and nasal polyps. 30-40 mg of prednisone can be administered once a day in the morning for 7 days or gradually reduced after symptoms are controlled. Intranasal or intramuscular injections of glucocorticoids can produce serious local or systemic side effects and are usually not recommended. Recently developed new generation of nasal topical glucocorticoid sprays such as budesonide, fluticasone and mometasone have high local utilization, few systemic and local side effects, good effect on nasal itching, runny nose, sneezing and nasal blockage, and are more widely used in clinical practice. (3) Decongestants: mainly used to relieve nasal congestion symptoms, the mode of administration is intranasal local application. The principle of action is to reduce the swelling of nasal mucosa by binding the adrenergic receptors α1 and α2 in the vessel wall of nasal mucosa volume. Commonly used drugs are 1% ephedrine (0.5% in children) and oxymetazoline. These drugs have limited effectiveness, and long-term use is likely to cause adverse reactions, clinical use should be limited to the time and scope (control within 10 days). (4) anticholinergic drugs: the principle of action is to inhibit the secretion of hypercholinergic nerves. It is mainly used to reduce nasal secretion and is ineffective for nasal itching and sneezing, commonly used drugs are ipratropium bromide, etc. Intranasal use can effectively control the symptoms of runny nose. (5) Mast cell stabilizers: The principle of action is to stabilize the mast cell membrane and reduce the release of inflammatory mediators. The mode of administration includes intranasal topical application and oral administration. Commonly used drugs are sodium cromoglicate and nedocromil, which mainly play a preventive role. (6) Leukotriene receptor antagonists: antagonize cysteinyl leukotriene receptors, effective in allergic rhinitis and asthma. 3.Immunotherapy. Including non-specific immunotherapy and specific immunotherapy. (1) Non-specific immunotherapy: such as injection of BCG polysaccharide nucleic acid, Mycobacterium polypeptide, bacterial DNA CpG, etc. The mechanism of action is to promote the production of Th1 cells and corresponding factors, inhibit the differentiation of Th2 cells and the production of related cytokines, and correct the abnormal balance of Th1/Th2 cytokine network. However, the effect is not specific and requires a longer treatment time. (2) Specific immunotherapy: The mechanism of action is that low doses of antigen are processed by antigen-presenting cells, which often induce Th1 cell differentiation first, thereby correcting the abnormal Th1/Th2 cytokine network balance. Clinically, depending on the type of allergen, standard purified allergen infusion is usually used, starting from a very low concentration by subcutaneous injection once or twice a week, gradually increasing the dose and concentration for a few weeks (rapid immunization) or months until a certain concentration is changed to a maintenance dose, with a total course of treatment of not less than 2 years. It is suitable for those who cannot be adequately controlled by conventional drugs, or who cannot or do not want to receive continuous or long-term drug therapy, and is usually not advocated for children under 5 years of age or women during pregnancy. This method has the shortcomings of long treatment time, inaccurate efficacy and invasive side effects, which to a certain extent affects the patient’s compliance with treatment. Recent research on topical nasal and sublingual routes of administration has opened up new avenues for specific immunotherapy. Education of patients with allergic rhinitis is also an important part of treatment. The content of education includes understanding of the disease, avoidance of allergen exposure, use of therapeutic drugs, side effects, treatment expectations, etc. Surgical procedures are only indicated for a very small number of carefully selected patients who have failed to respond to the above treatments. Treatment includes correction of deviated nasal septum, partial excision of hypertrophied inferior turbinates and corresponding surgery in patients with combined sinusitis or nasal polyps, with the aim of altering anatomical abnormalities and reducing the reactivity of the autonomic nerves of the nasal mucosa. Intranasal selective nerves such as pterygoid ductal nerve and anterior septal nerve excision are no longer advocated due to inaccurate efficacy and many side effects.