Cranial defects have become more and more common in our life, and many people suffer from cranial defects due to some trauma, traffic accidents or diseases. Cranial defects can cause many uncomfortable symptoms, such as dizziness and nausea, which seriously affects the life and health of patients, so once the problem of cranial defects occurs, cranial repair surgery must be done to save health. Cranial repair surgery is a typical surgical operation, and the medical development has been very mature, but there is a point that the choice of cranial repair material will restrict the effect of surgical repair, so we should pay attention to it. Since ancient times, the use of cranial repair materials has evolved continuously. The earliest ones were plexiglass, bone cement, metal sheets, etc., but these materials were gradually eliminated due to various defects. Even the titanium mesh material, which has been widely used in recent years, is not so perfect. The use of titanium mesh material for cranial repair is not recommended because of the high rate of postoperative infection and complications. At present, the more novel and high-quality skull repair material is polyether ether ketone (PEEK) material, our neurosurgery department uses polyether ether ketone (PEEK) material for skull repair surgery, and has achieved very good repair results, with many successful surgical cases and good reviews. A large number of clinical practice proved the advantages of polyether ether ketone (PEEK) material, polyether ether ketone (PEEK) material this polymer material is almost equivalent to the human skull performance, it is strong but very elastic and tough, has a high biocompatibility, strong resistance to blows, good protection performance. Moreover, polyether ether ketone (PEEK) material basically does not conduct heat, has high thermal insulation, no postoperative infection, and no rejection reaction. More importantly, PEEK is a high-quality material that can be shaped in three dimensions, and it can be customized for three-dimensional reconstruction according to different patients’ conditions, truly restoring the physiological structure of the skull perfectly, and the repaired skull is basically indistinguishable from the autologous skull, which is currently a good material for skull repair.