The intervertebral disc is composed of three parts: the cartilage plate, the fibrous ring, and the nucleus pulposus. The nucleus pulposus is a semi-fluid gel-like substance surrounded by a fibrous ring with a cartilaginous plate above and below it, and the intervertebral disc is the part of the vertebral body that is connected to each other. The lumbar intervertebral discs refer to the intervertebral discs between the lumbar l and sacrum, five in total. The height of the lumbar intervertebral discs accounts for about 54,4% of the height of the vertebral body. Lumbar disc herniation is one of the most common causes of back and leg pain. Lumbar disc herniation is caused by degeneration of the intervertebral disc, due to rupture of the annulus fibrosus and protrusion of the nucleus pulposus, which compresses the nerve roots and causes back and leg pain and nerve dysfunction. The history of lumbar disc herniation is often one of recurrent lower back pain and hip pain that is relieved by short-term rest. The pain may be suddenly aggravated by bending over, manifesting as sudden leg pain that is more intense than low back pain. Leg pain that is comparable to or more severe than low back pain is radiating pain due to compression of nerve roots by the herniated nucleus pulposus. The pain due to a herniated disc is usually intermittent, aggravated by activity, especially when sitting, and relieved after rest. 1.Lumbar pain is the most common and earliest symptom. It usually starts suddenly and is mostly unilateral. The pressure point is usually next to the spinous process of the affected vertebral space and radiates to the affected calf or foot. Symptoms of cauda equina damage include numbness and tingling in the perineum, urinary and fecal dysfunction, sexual dysfunction, and bilateral lower extremity pain. In severe cases, urinary and fecal incontinence may occur. 2. Sensory impairment, motor impairment, sensory hypersensitivity, hypoesthesia or loss of sensation in the distribution area of the affected nerve root, numbness and coldness of the limbs. Some patients do not have pain in the lower limbs but have numbness in the lower limbs, and a few feel coldness in the limbs, especially in the distal part of the toes. The muscles innervated by the damaged nerve roots can be seen to have weakened muscle strength and muscle atrophy, and some are even completely paralyzed. 3, muscle paralysis, lumbar disc herniation serious compression of nerve roots, can cause nerve root damage, muscle paralysis. 4, spinal deformity, visible reduction or disappearance of the physiological curve of the lumbar spine, serious cases may appear posterior convex deformity. Minimally invasive treatment methods for lumbar disc herniation Intervertebral foramoscopy minimally invasive spine technique Intervertebral foramoscopy minimally invasive spine technique is a minimally invasive spine surgery system composed of a specially designed intervertebral foramoscope and corresponding supporting minimally invasive spine surgery instruments, imaging and image processing system, and dual-frequency radiofrequency machine. While the herniated or prolapsed nucleus pulposus is completely removed, the broken annulus fibrosus, etc., can be repaired using radiofrequency technology. The disc can be operated on precisely without touching the healthy tissue. The incision is only 6 mm, which is the least traumatic and most effective of its kind, with a satisfactory outcome of 98%. Because of its many advantages, foraminoscopy is now recognized as the dominant procedure in the field of spine surgery internationally. Radiofrequency Targeted Thermocoagulation Radiofrequency Targeted Thermocoagulation is the direct denaturation and coagulation of the nucleus pulposus at the site of protrusion under the precise guidance of a navigation system with accurate positioning, monitoring under digital subtraction, and contraction to reduce the volume and release the compression. It does not hurt the normal nucleus pulposus tissue, inactivates the nerve endings of the nascent lesion hypersensitive in the disc, directly blocks the release of glycoprotein and beta protein in the nucleus pulposus fluid, and the warm-heat effect plays a good therapeutic role in the inflammatory reaction in the injured fibrous ring, edematous nerve root and vertebral canal, and the symptomatic symptoms disappear or are reduced immediately after treatment. This method is which place has the disease to remove which place, there is no disease in the place without the slightest injury. The treatment electrode of RF for nervous system is only 0,7mm, just like an acupuncture needle, which has no side effects on human body, making the treatment greener and more humane. The radiofrequency thermal coagulation target treatment has completely solved the medical safety and healing effect problems that patients and doctors are most concerned about now. Under the monitoring of imaging equipment, a ring-shaped metal thermal electrode is inserted into the annulus fibrosus through a guiding needle to repair the damaged annulus fibrosus by heating, narrow and close the fissures in the annulus wall and reduce the protrusion and bulge of the intervertebral disc, while destroying the hypersensitive nerve endings in the annulus fibrosus. The hydrogen bonds within the collagen fibers are sensitive to heat and break when heated, causing the collagen fibers to contract. When the temperature in the intervertebral disc reaches 65 degrees, the collagen fibers can contract by an agreed 35%. The contraction of the fibrous rings strengthens the structure of the disc with degenerative changes and repairs the torn disc. Treatment advantages Unique temperature distribution gradient for safe and effective treatment; optimal temperature for treating collagen in the annulus fibrosus; large coverage area; shaping and healing of the ruptured annulus fibrosus. Ozone ablation Under the image, the needle is punctured directly to the herniated nucleus pulposus, and a small amount of multi-molecular reactive oxygen gas is injected to dehydrate and shrink the nucleus pulposus tissue without damaging the peri-nucleus pulposus tissue and nerves, so as to achieve the purpose of decompression of the intervertebral disc. The excess activated oxygen is gradually changed into oxygen and absorbed by the body, without any residual in the body, and the pain symptoms are rapidly relieved. In addition, the multi-molecular active oxygen replaces the traditional hormone, using the active oxygen has the role of regulating immunity, activating oxygen control, anti-inflammatory and sterilization, increasing the effectiveness of treatment. And because of its special structure on the human body without allergic reactions and residues in the body, the strong oxidation ability of active oxygen makes the infection rate in the body almost zero. Treatment advantages 1, high safety factor – in the laser automatic positioning C-arm guided puncture, precise, safe, multi-molecular activated oxygen only eliminate the nucleus pulposus, not damage the nucleus pulposus around the tissue and nerves, excess activated oxygen gradually become oxygen absorbed by the body, no residue in the body; 2, no pain, small risk – -The puncture needle is slightly thicker than the injection needle, almost no risk and pain; 3, rapid effect, high efficacy – rapid relief of pain symptoms; 4, no allergic reaction and other obvious complications – the special structure of the multi-molecular activated oxygen to No allergic reactions and residues in the body, and the strong oxidizing ability of active oxygen makes the infection rate in the body almost zero. Plasma low-temperature ablation uses the low-temperature plasma tip at 40-70 degrees Celsius to crack the nucleus pulposus cells into simple carbohydrates and oxides (vaporized substances), which can achieve ablation of the nucleus pulposus, and can change the helix structure of collagen molecules in the nucleus pulposus, break the peptide bonds of large molecules in the tissue, make the protein volume smaller, form the plasma ablation orifice, achieve the reduction of internal pressure, the protrusion site The plasma ablation hole is formed to achieve the purpose of treatment by reducing the internal pressure and the protruding parts, reducing the pressure on the nerve root or spinal cord. Treatment advantages 1, high safety: plasma working temperature at 40-70 degrees, low temperature safety, no incision, small trauma, maximum protection of the wall of the fibrous ring, can effectively remove the tissue; postoperative degeneration of the disc due to small, small impact on the stability of the spine; 2, faster: short treatment time, fast recovery; 3, lower fees: compared with the traditional open surgery tens of thousands of dollars, the operation significantly reduced the patient’s hospitalization costs The laser vaporization is performed under image monitoring. Laser vaporization Under image monitoring, laser energy is used to cavitate the diseased nucleus pulposus, reduce the pressure in the intervertebral disc, and indirectly relieve and eliminate the compression of the sciatic nerve or spinal nerve to achieve the purpose of treatment. It is currently the least invasive minimally invasive procedure for the treatment of disc herniation internationally. Its greatest advantage is that it overcomes the complications and poor long-term efficacy caused by postoperative spinal instability and nerve root adhesions and epidural hematoma myelination caused by surgical procedures. Moreover, it does not require incision, is less traumatic, has fast recovery, low recurrence rate, is painless, has few complications, has a short operation time, and can resume daily life and light physical work a few days after surgery. Treatment advantages 1.Good efficacy: After years of clinical observation, the postoperative efficacy is remarkable. 2, high safety: to overcome the occurrence of complications such as spinal instability, nerve root injury and paraplegia caused by traditional open surgery. 3, low fees: compared with the traditional open surgery tens of thousands of dollars, the surgery significantly reduced the hospitalization costs of patients. 4.Short hospitalization time: 3 days after surgery, you can basically resume normal work life. 5.No scars: Since only fine needles are inserted into the body and laser fibers are introduced, no scars will be left on the skin. The recovery period exercise Recovery period to do self-exercise, so that the lumbar back muscle strength, one can increase the lumbar spine mobility, two can increase the stability of the lumbar spine. 1, supine lift pelvis supine position with knees flexed, with the feet and back as a fulcrum, lift the pelvis, and then slowly fall down, repeated 20 times. The action can correct the lower pelvis anterior tilt, increasing the lumbar spine curvature. 2, hold the knee touch chest supine position with both knees flexed, hands hold the knee so that it is as close to the chest as possible, but be careful not to bow the back out of bed. 3, side lying position leg lift side lying position, the upper leg can be straight, the lower knee slightly flexed, the upper leg side lift, and then slowly put down, repeated dozens of times. 4, crawl with the knee touch elbow double knee and upper limb propped up prone, waist relaxation nuclear hair slowly sink, after the heavy got 10 times, one side of the lower limb straight, bending the knee so that it touches the ipsilateral elbow joint as much as possible. Repeat 15 times. 5, straight leg raise supine position, hands pressed under the buttocks, slowly lift both lower limbs, the knee joint can be slightly flexed, and then put down, repeat 15 times. 6, leg press sitting on the bed, one knee slightly flexed, the other lower limb straight, torso lean forward to press to the straightened lower limb, and then exchange into the other lower limb. This action can also be performed in the standing position, the lower limbs on the back of the chair in front. 7, knee sit-ups supine position, knees flexed, tucked so that the trunk lifted, hands touching the knees.