Targeted therapies for clear cell carcinoma have developed rapidly in the last decade, and efficacy has improved significantly, while non-clear cell carcinoma has gained attention in recent years, and several clinical studies in non-clear cell carcinoma have confirmed the efficacy of existing targeted agents. The new version of the guideline mainly adjusts the chemotherapy regimen for sarcoma differentiation-based clear cell or non-clear cell renal cancer to gemcitabine combined with doxorubicin or gemcitabine combined with sunitinib based on some research advances this year, and removes the “gemcitabine + capecitabine” regimen as a Class 2B recommendation. For collecting ductal or medullary carcinoma, cytotoxic chemotherapy (carboplatin + gemcitabine, carboplatin + paclitaxel, or cisplatin + gemcitabine) was considered to achieve partial remission. Other aspects involving the diagnosis, surgical treatment, and medical treatment of kidney cancer basically remained largely consistent with the content of the 2015 edition without corresponding modifications. Although the 2016 edition of the NCCN kidney cancer guidelines is less updated, there are still many possible updates to the future kidney cancer guidelines, mainly focusing on the new version of the pathological classification and staging of kidney cancer. In terms of treatment of kidney cancer, for the first time, the treatment of kidney cancer is very important. In terms of kidney cancer treatment, surgery for limited kidney cancer should not change much, and surgery is still the main treatment method, emphasizing the therapeutic value of partial nephrectomy. As for advanced kidney cancer, the corresponding clinical study results of PD-1 monoclonal antibody, an immune checkpoint inhibitor, and cabozantinib have been unveiled one after another, so there will be new options for the treatment of advanced kidney cancer, and it should be said that once these two new drug indications are approved, the guidelines will include these two drugs. The NCCN guidelines are regarded as the “golden rule” by oncologists, but for domestic oncologists, it is more important to base on the domestic reality, especially the limited choice of domestic targeted drugs, so that domestic patients can get the best treatment based on the existing treatments. However, for domestic oncologists, it is more important to base on domestic reality, especially the limited choice of domestic targeted drugs. The former focuses on the early diagnosis and surgical treatment of kidney cancer, while the latter focuses more on comprehensive treatment, especially the medical treatment of progressive kidney cancer. The new version of China Kidney Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment Guidelines (2015 Edition) is not only close to the domestic clinical reality, but also involves new concepts such as the combination of the latest targeted drugs, which have been incorporated into the treatment of advanced kidney cancer, and will be subsequently interpreted for you in this regard.