Long-term observation shows that chronic hepatitis B and C viral activity can develop into cirrhosis, chronic hepatitis C can turn into cirrhosis more than 50%-80%, of which 20% can develop into liver cancer, the length of time varies, the short 10 years, the long 20 years. Prevention can be done from the following aspects: (1) for hepatitis C: as long as the diagnosis is established, regardless of whether acute or chronic meets the appropriate signs, antiviral treatment should be given as soon as possible. The antiviral efficiency of regular interferon or long-acting interferon combined with virazole in the treatment of acute hepatitis C can reach 80%-90%, which is better than that of hepatitis B. Studies have shown that antiviral treatment for chronic hepatitis C can also improve the efficacy to 60%-70%. (2) For hepatitis B: HBV DNA (+) and/or HBeAg (+), liver function abnormalities advocate antiviral therapy. Currently, the commonly used antiviral drugs are: common interferon, long-acting interferon, lamivudine, adefovir, entecavir, and telbivudine. Adherence to antiviral therapy can lead to sustained suppression of HBV DNA levels, HBeAg seroconversion, and improvement in liver biopsy histology, thereby preventing fibrosis progression by improving inflammatory necrosis. Treatment needs to be under the guidance of a doctor and should not be discontinued at will. (3) Preventing hepatocyte necrosis, promoting hepatocyte repair and improving liver function: Promoting the formation of cirrhosis is caused by the continuous inflammation and necrosis of hepatocytes. Therefore, reducing hepatocyte necrosis and promoting hepatocyte repair is the key to prevent the development of cirrhosis. For those with significant liver damage, we recommend hospitalization as the best treatment. (4) Rest and nutrition: bed rest is recommended during the active phase of liver disease, and after the condition improves, it is advisable to gradually increase the amount of activity to achieve a combination of work and rest. (5) History of alcohol consumption: alcohol must be avoided, as the role of alcohol in aggravating hepatitis is well known. (6) Avoid the use of drugs that damage the liver: many drugs have to be detoxified by the liver, so use as little as possible, especially drugs that damage the liver. Those who must use drugs should do so under the guidance of a doctor. A diet high in protein, fiber, vitamins, and easily digestible foods is appropriate. Eat more vegetables, moderate amount of carbohydrates and fats. (7) Regular review: Patients with chronic hepatitis B and C should be reviewed regularly at the hospital, regardless of whether the liver function is normal or not, they should do ultrasound dynamic observation and make a series of serum laboratory tests regularly in order to understand the progress of the disease and adjust the treatment at any time.