Retinal detachment is one of the most common diseases encountered by fundus surgeons. What exactly are the dangers of this disease? The human eye is like a camera. The lens is like the lens of the camera, the vitreous body is located in a position equivalent to the dark box of the camera, and the retina is equivalent to the film of the camera, which is the most important imaging element in comparison. Retinal detachment is equivalent to the negative is not in its original position, and the negative is also damaged by aging, resulting in no way to form a clear image again. A camera with a bright lens and a bad negative will not take good pictures; while a human eye with a mixed lens can be replaced with a new one, a bad negative or film cannot be replaced because the retina is like the brain, a kind of nerve tissue. Before surgery, I always explain to the patient that retinal detachment is a relatively large and serious disease in ophthalmology. Clinically, retinal detachments are classified as fissure-derived, traction-derived and exudative, with fissure-derived retinal detachments being the most common. Once a foraminogenic retinal detachment occurs, it must be treated surgically. Pills, injections and eye drops are not helpful. If the retinal detachment is not repaired, it will definitely get worse and worse, eventually leading to complete loss of vision, lower eye pressure, and eye atrophy. Therefore, when a foraminogenic retinal detachment occurs, it must be treated surgically as soon as possible. Tractional retinal detachment is mainly secondary to diseases such as vitreous accumulation of blood and proliferative diabetic retinopathy. The vitreous forms a pulling force on the retina, pulling it up like a tent, and serious patients also need to be treated by vitreous surgery. Exudative retinal detachment, on the other hand, is mostly caused by an inflammatory reaction in the eye, and most do not require surgery, but rather treatment for the primary disease. So, how does foraminogenic retinal detachment occur? In the human eye, more than 80% of the space is occupied by the vitreous humor. Normally, the vitreous humor is like jelly, a gel, rich in water, but with good elasticity to support the layers of the eye wall. As we age, the vitreous body changes, with a central cavity composed of water that becomes more viscous around it and adheres partly tightly and partly loosely to the retina. At the same time, due to ageing and myopia, certain parts of the retina become thinner and thinner, just like clothes that have been worn for a long time, and become unstable, so when the eye moves, the unevenly adherent vitreous produces a pulling force in certain parts, and if it happens that the retina here is also very thin and unstable, a fissure may be produced, and under the action of the pulling force, the water precipitated in the vitreous cavity Under the traction, the water from the vitreous cavity pours through the fissure to the retina below, and the retina peels off from the original wall of the eye, and retinal detachment occurs. Therefore, three very important factors must be involved in the occurrence of foraminogenic retinal detachment, namely, “fissure, water, and traction”. Therefore, in order to solve this problem, the most important thing is to seal the fissure and relieve the traction. The surgical treatment of apertural detachment is divided into two main categories, which we call “external surgery” and “internal surgery” respectively. ”External surgery refers to a series of operations such as ring ligation, extra-scleral pressure, and freezing, which basically do not enter the eye. At the same time, it prevents the aqueous content of the vitreous cavity from continuing to pour into the retinal fissure, and serves to reset the retina. The term “internal surgery” refers to vitrectomy, which is commonly referred to as “biosurgery”. Internal surgery involves going inside the eye and using surgical instruments to remove the abnormal vitreous inside the eye and then attach the retina directly back to the original wall of the eye. Then a procedure such as an intraocular laser is used, just like driving a nail, to fix the area around the fissure. Finally, a substance such as gas or silicone oil is applied to replace the original vitreous, filling the cavity in the eye and providing some support to promote healing and adhesion of the retina. Both internal and external surgery have their advantages and disadvantages, and the choice depends on the patient’s ocular condition. Typically, younger patients with limited retinal detachment, fewer fissures close to the periphery, and less severe vitreous proliferation lesions may opt for external surgery. Patients with extensive and severe retinal detachment, larger fissures or close to the posterior pole, and more severe vitreous proliferation traction require internal surgery. After internal surgery, the vast majority of patients require a special position, most often prone. A strict prone position is an important measure to ensure surgical outcomes and reduce complications. The treatment of retinal detachment is more complex, has a higher chance of complications and longer recovery time than the well-known ophthalmic surgeries such as cataract and myopic laser surgery, and requires good communication and cooperation between doctors and patients. Moreover, a small number of patients need multiple surgeries and even need to rely on silicone oil filling for the rest of their lives to ensure a certain level of visual function. We hope that patients with retinal detachment will learn more about the characteristics of the disease and about surgery to achieve better treatment results.