1.What is the retina?
The retina is the innermost layer of the eye wall, which is not only very thin, but also has a fine and complex structure. Under the microscope, the retina can be divided into ten layers, the outermost layer is called the pigment epithelium, and the remaining nine layers are the neuroepithelium. Under normal circumstances, there is a potential gap between the retinal neuroepithelial layer and the pigment epithelial layer.
2.What is retinal detachment?
Retinal detachment is the separation of retinal neuroepithelium and pigment epithelium caused by various reasons. If left untreated, the visual field may be partially or completely lost, or even blind.
3.What kinds of retinal detachment are there?
Clinically, according to the etiology, retinal detachment of pore origin, retinal detachment of traction and retinal detachment of exudation are classified, among which the most common is retinal detachment of pore origin.
4.What are the risk factors for retinal detachment?
Pore-derived retinal detachment occurs on the basis of retinal fissure formation, and the onset is related to highly myopic retinal degeneration, age, genetics, vitreous liquefaction degeneration and trauma. Retinal inflammation, choroidal inflammation, vitreous hemorrhage, intraocular tumors, retinal vascular diseases such as diabetic retinopathy and retinal vein obstruction can all lead to retinal detachment.
5.What are the common symptoms of retinal detachment?
・Floating objects in front of the eyes, flashing lights in front of the eyes, more obvious in dark environment
Visual field loss
Loss of visual acuity
Distortion of vision
6.What tests are needed before retinal detachment surgery?
Retinal detachment is a complex fundus lesion, so detailed examination should be performed before treatment. Based on the results of the examination, the doctor will make a treatment plan and determine the prognosis.
・Visual function examination
Slit lamp microscopy
Direct and indirect fundoscopic examination
・Triple-lens examination
・IOP and ultrasound examination
Physical examination
7.How is retinal detachment treated?
Depending on the extent of retinal detachment, the presence or absence of vitreoretinal traction, retinal proliferation and the severity, different surgical methods are selected, such as extra-scleral plication, scleral ring ligation and vitrectomy.
For complicated cases, vitrectomy is used, and the vitreous cavity is filled with inert gas (C3F8, C2F6) or silicone oil. After surgery, specific positions are adopted, such as prone position, semi-sitting position, etc., and the upward parietal pressure of inert gas or silicone oil is used to promote retinal repositioning.
8.What is the prognosis of retinal detachment?
Once retinal detachment is detected, surgery should be performed as soon as possible; abandoning surgery will result in complete loss of vision. The recovery of vision after surgery depends on the site of retinal detachment and the length of time of detachment. The prognosis is better if the peripheral retinal detachment does not involve the macula, and worse if the macula is involved.