Difficulty swallowing Let’s start with why lung cancer makes people choke on food and have difficulty swallowing. It is obvious in the picture that the esophagus (also called esophagus) and the lung (blue part) live very close to each other as neighbors, so the tumor in the lung progresses and mediastinal lymph node metastasis occurs. If the metastatic lymph nodes are further enlarged, they will press on the esophagus and even invade the esophagus, which is how the uncomfortable feeling of swallowing comes. Therefore, the reason why the old man saw the filling defect, mucosal damage and lumen narrowing of the esophagus through the imaging at the beginning is actually because of this reason. And once the symptoms of dysphagia appear in lung cancer, it is almost always already in the middle and late stage. Besides the symptoms similar to those of esophageal cancer, the repeated occurrence of “pneumonia” on the same lobe of the lung should be alerted to lung cancer and must be examined in the hospital. For such patients, doctors will usually ask them to check bronchoscopy or sputum cytology to see if there is a mass in the lung. Bronchoscopy is similar to gastroscopy, except that gastroscopy is performed through the mouth into the esophagus and stomach cavity, while bronchoscopy is performed through the nasal cavity into the trachea and bronchus after surface anesthesia. The diagnosis of pathological cytology is the gold standard of tumor diagnosis, which is the confirmatory diagnosis. And the CT we took only provides an image to see the size, shape and location of the negative or swelling in the lung, which can make an imaging diagnosis, but it is not a pathological diagnosis. Some patients have hoarseness and think that it is just a fire, but the result is always bad. Only when they go to the hospital, they find that it is actually a tumor in the lung and the mediastinal lymph nodes have metastasized, and the enlarged lymph nodes have compressed the laryngeal retrolateral nerve causing vocal cord paralysis, resulting in hoarseness and affecting speech. There are also some special symptoms, some patients feel tightness in chest and find that their face and neck are swollen when they look at the mirror in the morning, thinking that they may not have rested well, and then go to the hospital for examination after a long time, but it turns out to be caused by lung cancer. This is because lung cancer has metastasis of mediastinal lymph nodes and the enlarged lymph nodes compress the superior vena cava, that is, after the superior vena cava is compressed by the mass, the blood flow back to the heart from the upper limbs and face is blocked and the face and neck will swell. 4.Because lung cancer can metastasize at an early stage, it can metastasize to liver, bone, brain, adrenal gland and many other organs. There are few such patients who found lung cancer through metastases. Regular medical checkups are crucial! It is because of the various manifestations of lung cancer that it is really important to have regular cancer prevention medical checkups at specialized oncology hospitals. Currently, low-dose spiral CT is the most effective means for early detection of lung cancer, and very small tumors can be seen clearly. However, in order not to misuse the screening tool, doctors usually recommend high-risk groups to go for screening, what is a high-risk group? What is a high-risk group? If someone in the family has had a malignant tumor, or has a chronic lung disease, or has a long-term smoking history, then healthy people who are over 40 years old are considered. The specificity of tumor markers for lung cancer is not very high. If the result of a certain marker is a little higher than the normal one, and the value of tumor markers in recent years is similar to that of last year, then there is no need to panic. However, if a certain tumor marker of lung cancer continues or increases progressively in the past one or two years, you should be alert and go for further examination. Can lung nodules found in physical examination become cancerous? Many people have lung nodules, whether they are single nodules or multiple nodules, and problems can usually be detected by observing its size, shape, density, etc. through chest CT examination. If your doctor suspects that there is a problem, he or she will remind you for further examination. If there is no particular, you will usually follow up periodically to observe whether the nodule has changed or developed.