Approximately 30-40% of patients with diabetes can develop diabetic nephropathy, which often presents as nephrotic syndrome. However, other common causes of diabetic combined nephrotic syndrome include IgA nephropathy, membranous nephropathy and renal amyloidosis. Treatment options vary from disease to disease. To confirm the cause, a kidney biopsy can be performed. For example, simple diabetic nephropathy can be treated with blood glucose control combined with ACEI or ARB drugs, membranous nephropathy can be treated with cyclosporine, and amyloidosis can be treated with hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.