Congenital syphilis, also known as fetal syphilis, is transmitted vertically from mother to child, and is caused by the entry of syphilis spirochetes from the mother into the fetal circulation via the placenta and umbilical vein. Glaser et al. reported that the chance of vertical transmission in pregnant women with syphilis is close to 100%. There are serious adverse consequences for the fetus. Congenital syphilis is due to vertical maternal-fetal infection during fetal life. Most of them occur after the fourth month of pregnancy, mild cases can be delivered normally, but often have more serious internal organ damage, high mortality rate, and severe cases can be miscarriage and stillbirth; congenital syphilis includes early syphilis and congenital latent syphilis. There are three main types of clinical manifestations: ① stillbirth, the fetus was immersed in the soft state, the whole body organs with a large number of syphilis spirochetes, this type is rare. ② Hepatosplenomegaly, rash, jaundice, anemia and other symptoms at birth or within 4 weeks after birth, such children have a high mortality rate. (iii) Asymptomatic at birth or in the neonatal period, with symptoms appearing months or years after birth, such as swollen joints and pseudo-limb paralysis. Screening for syphilis during pregnancy is necessary for diagnosis. In order to enhance early intervention of the disease, screening for syphilis at the time of pregnancy examination is advocated, and further TPHA should be performed if positive or negative but highly suspicious. In high-risk pregnant women, correlative laboratory tests and syphilis serology in the seventh month of gestation and at the time of delivery are essential for the detection of fetal and neonatal gestation-acquired syphilis. If the fetus is infected with syphilis late in gestation, the newborn is often born asymptomatic and may have a negative serologic reaction, making it easy to miss the diagnosis. Pregnant patients with syphilis, especially early syphilis and stage II latent syphilis (RPR may be negative), when the mother has no specific clinical manifestations, can transmit the disease to the fetus through the placenta, which can have a significant impact on the fetus. Congenital syphilis, also known as fetal syphilis, is transmitted vertically from mother to child and is caused by the entry of syphilis spirochetes from the mother into the fetal circulation via the placenta and umbilical vein.Glaser et al. reported that the chance of vertical transmission in pregnant women with syphilis is close to 100%. There are serious adverse consequences for the fetus. Congenital syphilis is due to vertical maternal-fetal infection during fetal life. Mostly occurring after the fourth month of pregnancy, mild cases can be normal delivery, but often have more serious internal organ damage, high case fatality rate, heavy cases can be miscarriage, stillbirth; congenital syphilis including early syphilis and congenital latent syphilis. There are three main types of clinical manifestations: ① stillbirth, the fetus was immersed in the soft state, the whole body organs with a large number of syphilis spirochetes, this type is rare. ② Hepatosplenomegaly, rash, jaundice, anemia and other symptoms at birth or within 4 weeks after birth, such children have a high mortality rate. (iii) Asymptomatic at birth or in the neonatal period, with symptoms appearing months or years after birth, such as swollen joints and pseudo-limb paralysis. Screening for syphilis during pregnancy is necessary for diagnosis. In order to enhance early intervention of the disease, screening for syphilis at the time of pregnancy examination is advocated, and further TPHA should be performed if positive or negative but highly suspicious. In high-risk pregnant women, correlative laboratory tests and syphilis serology in the seventh month of gestation and at the time of delivery are essential for the detection of fetal and neonatal gestation-acquired syphilis. If the fetus is infected with syphilis late in gestation, the newborn is often born asymptomatic and may have a negative serologic reaction, making it easy to miss the diagnosis. Pregnant patients with syphilis, especially early syphilis and stage II latent syphilis (RPR may be negative), have no specific clinical manifestations in the mother at this time, but they can be transmitted to the fetus through the placenta, which can have a significant impact on the fetus. Untreated stage I and II syphilis occurring during pregnancy affects the fetus in 100% of cases, with 50% of such pregnancies resulting in preterm labor or perinatal death. Fetuses born to pregnant women who receive antisyphilis treatment are less likely to be infected with syphilis and show mainly skin damage, while newborns born to pregnant women who are not diagnosed or treated prenatally are more likely to have organ involvement and are more likely to have severe disease. Therefore, screening and treatment after conception is the key to preventing congenital syphilis.