Monkeypox is a viral zoonosis caused by monkeypox virus, which belongs to the genus Orthopoxvirus in the family Poxviridae. Monkeypox virus is an enveloped double-stranded DNA virus that can grow in culture in the kidney cells of African green monkeys. The source of infection of monkeypox virus is infected human or animal, and it is mainly transmitted through direct contact with respiratory secretions. The clinical manifestations of monkeypox in humans are very similar to those of smallpox, mainly characterized by high fever, localized lymph node enlargement, generalized blisters and pustules, and a tendency to hemorrhage. Monkeypox is a self-limiting disease, there is no specific treatment, can be prevented by vaccination, the principle of treatment is to isolate the patient. If patients are infected with monkeypox virus, they should seek medical treatment promptly.