Leukemia, commonly known as “blood cancer”, is a malignant clonal disease originating from hematopoietic stem cells, in which abnormal leukemia cells “grow wildly”, proliferate and accumulate in the bone marrow and other hematopoietic tissues, and infiltrate other organs and tissues such as the liver and spleen, inhibiting normal hematopoiesis. Normal hematopoiesis is inhibited. Clinical symptoms such as anemia, hemorrhage and recurrent infections appear in different degrees. Leukemia is divided into acute leukemia and chronic leukemia, with acute leukemia being the most common, and can be divided into several subtypes according to the maturity of leukemia cells and the natural course of the disease. Each type of leukemia has different treatments and prognosis. How far is leukemia from our children? It is estimated that there are about 15,000 cases of leukemia in children under the age of 15 in China each year. Leukemia is the malignant tumor with the highest incidence rate among children, ranking first in the incidence of childhood tumors, leukemia is actually not far away. Is leukemia a “terminal disease”? Not bone marrow transplantation will certainly die? In recent years, with the rise of the Internet, the call for children with leukemia to donate bone marrow news from time to time crazy, in a variety of non-medical professional public opinion, people’s minds have formed an inappropriate understanding of the treatment of leukemia. Most parents are shocked to hear the name “leukemia”, thinking that a bone marrow transplant is necessary, and some parents even have to raise enough money for a bone marrow transplant before they go to the hospital, thus delaying their child’s treatment. In fact, the current treatment of childhood leukemia is a comprehensive therapy based on chemotherapy. The purpose of chemotherapy is mainly to kill leukemia cells, relieve the symptoms caused by infiltration of leukemia cells, so that the disease can be alleviated, or even cured, and the whole course of treatment is mostly completed in 2~3 years. Acute lymphoblastic leukemia accounts for about 80% of acute leukemia in children. For most children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia, bone marrow transplantation is not the only way out, nor is it the preferred treatment option, most children prefer standardized chemotherapy, most of which have better results, with a five-year survival rate of eighty percent, and some patients can survive for a long time. Leukemia according to professional diagnosis and evaluation is divided into three categories: standard risk, medium risk and high risk, high-risk patients account for a small number of children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia, usually only some of the high-risk patients or children with unsatisfactory results of chemotherapy need to undergo a bone marrow transplantation, and most of the children with acute leukemia do not need a bone marrow transplantation. Therefore, in case a child is unfortunate enough to develop leukemia, parents should not take bone marrow transplantation as a life-saving option, but should consult a doctor as soon as possible. It should be emphasized that leukemia is a very specialized disease. When leukemia is diagnosed or highly suspected in general pediatrics, it is important to go to a regular pediatric hematologist to have a professional examination and treatment plan formulated by a hematologist. Standardized treatment of leukemia is very important, and it is important to follow the doctor’s instructions, cooperate with the treatment, and follow up with the doctor on a regular basis. How to detect leukemia at an early stage? There is currently no method for early diagnosis. Early symptoms of leukemia include fever, fatigue, epistaxis, bleeding gums, menorrhagia, joint pain, petechiae, ecchymosis and enlarged lymph nodes. Once the above suspected symptoms appear, routine blood tests need to be done, and those with abnormal blood tests need to undergo bone marrow aspiration and other tests to confirm the diagnosis. If you are diagnosed with leukemia, the earlier the treatment is standardized, the better the result will be, and you should consult the doctor as soon as possible. How to reduce the risk of leukemia? The causes of leukemia are not very clear yet, and may be related to ionizing rays, chemicals and drugs, viral infections, genetic factors, immune disorders, etc. We can only try to avoid some risk factors. We can only try our best to avoid some risk factors. 1.Reasonable diet Eat more fresh vegetables and fruits, avoid high-fat and high-sugar foods, eat less fried and fatty foods and pickles, as well as smoked fish, meat, etc., and teach children to stay away from “junk food”. 2, avoid contact with special chemical substances benzene, xylene, formaldehyde, heavy metals, herbicides, paint and other leukemia related to the onset of attention to avoid contact. Decoration pollution is one of the main culprits of children’s leukemia, the new house decoration should be as simple as possible, try to use less glue-containing panels, after the renovation should be strengthened ventilation to renovate at least half a year after moving in. Hair dyes contain many harmful substances, remember that health is far more important than beauty. Fruits and vegetables must be repeatedly cleaned, try to wash the residual pesticides. 3, reduce exposure to radiation The incidence of leukemia in workers engaged in radiation work and exposure to electromagnetic fields is high, so the above groups should pay special attention to strengthening personal protection. Infants and pregnant women are more sensitive to radiation, and should pay attention to avoid prolonged exposure to radiation. To be clear, routine medical X-ray examinations (commonly known as “radiographs”) have a low radiation dose and basically do not affect the body.