A herniated disc is a disc between the vertebrae that becomes less flexible, is compressed or damaged, and then erupts, protrudes, or detaches to the periphery. A herniated disc is a protrusion of the nucleus pulposus after rupture of the annulus fibrosus, which leads to irritation or compression of adjacent tissues, such as the spinal nerve roots and spinal cord, and produces a series of clinical symptoms, such as pain and numbness in the neck, shoulder, lower back and legs. The intervertebral disc is equivalent to a microscopic joint, which is composed of the annulus fibrosus, the hyaline cartilage plate and the nucleus pulposus, and is distributed between the bones of the lumbar vertebrae. When the intervertebral disc structure is damaged or subjected to excessive pressure, it will protrude in all directions. A herniated disc is a disc that protrudes posteriorly, compressing the nerves, dura mater, and other structures in the posterior spinal canal. Patients with herniated discs should go to the orthopedic department of a regular hospital in a timely manner to identify the cause of the disease and under the guidance of the doctor for targeted treatment.