As the demographic composition of our society ages, the impact of cognitive dysfunction on the health of the population is becoming increasingly prominent. Vascular cognitive impairment accounts for a significant proportion of cognitive disorders, second only to Alzheimer’s disease. Vascular cognitive impairment refers to dementia caused by a large group of syndromes ranging from mild cognitive impairment to dementia caused by various types of cerebrovascular disease risk factors (such as hypertension, diabetes and hyperlipidemia) and cerebrovascular disease, and is a syndrome of acquired advanced cognitive dysfunction. His onset can be acute or slow, and it is a chronic progressive disease in which each episode of cerebrovascular disease can serve as a new blow to aggravate the existing cognitive impairment. The clinical manifestations of vascular cognitive impairment may include a range of neuropsychological symptoms and psychiatric behavioral abnormalities in addition to focal neurological signs and symptoms. Unlike the memory impairment typically seen in Alzheimer’s disease, cerebral vasculature can affect other aspects of cognitive function such as executive function and language function, and personality changes, behavioral and mood disorders may be more prominent in patients with cerebrovascular disease than memory impairment. For early vascular cognitive impairment, which may manifest only as slowed movements and a constant urge to go to the bathroom, many people at this stage will attribute the slower movements to old age and normalcy; and for urologic symptoms, many elderly people often choose to consult a urologist, but often do not have good outcomes. As the disease progresses, the patient may become slow to reflect, slow to process information, and have problems expressing himself or herself verbally, such as thinking carefully about what to do with a slightly complicated but once familiar dish; taking a long time to turn the corner on what he or she is telling them; and becoming incoherent in his or her speech, asking the same questions over and over again. More serious manifestations can be reflected in time, place, and person cognitive impairment, for example, forgetting spring, summer, autumn, winter, year, month, and day; easily getting lost when going out; not recognizing relatives and calling his daughter his sister; some other patients may become depressed, resulting in feelings of self-guilt and self-blame, and in severe cases, suicidal tendencies. One study showed that transient ischemic attack and ischemic stroke patients initially had no cognitive impairment in 56% of patients, mild vascular cognitive impairment in 40%, and vascular dementia in 4%. In contrast, after 1 year, 10% of patients without cognitive impairment developed mild vascular cognitive impairment, 11% of patients with mild vascular cognitive impairment developed dementia, and 31% of patients with mild vascular cognitive impairment recovered from cognitive impairment symptoms. Because vascular disease risk factors are somewhat intervenable, vascular cognitive impairment is different from cognitive impairment caused by neurodegenerative diseases, and belongs to dementia caused by non-neurodegenerative diseases, which is pseudo-dementia and is reversible to some extent. The progression of vascular cognitive impairment can be delayed if the risk factors of vascular disease are actively prevented and treated. Early diagnosis can be made by checking the memory scale, blood tests and ancillary imaging tests at the memory specialist clinic in the hospital if you have the above symptoms. Once the diagnosis is clear, family members need to cooperate with the hospital, cooperate with doctors, do a good job of accompanying and caring for the patient, and the care of the family members is also a very important part of the patient’s recovery. The patient himself also needs to take the full amount and full course of medication according to the doctor’s prescription, regular follow-ups, and not to add or subtract medication without authorization.