Hepatitis B is one of the most common diseases in China and has a high incidence. According to a recent census (1992-1995), hepatitis B is still a serious public health problem in China: the hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection rate is 60%, and about 10% of the population are hepatitis B virus carriers, and among these chronic carriers, about 15-25%, or 20 million patients, will eventually die of liver diseases such as liver failure, cirrhosis, or hepatocellular carcinoma. The health of our people is seriously endangered, so much so that people are afraid to talk about hepatitis B. In the past 10 years, with the development of medicine, the prevention of hepatitis B has made great progress, but people, including even some medical personnel, still have a lot of misconceptions about hepatitis B, bringing many unnecessary fears and great psychological pressure to the public and hepatitis B patients. The correct understanding of hepatitis B has important clinical and social significance for the prevention and treatment of this disease. The following is to clarify the common misconceptions about hepatitis B in order to improve the correct understanding of hepatitis B. 1. Hepatitis B can be transmitted through air and general contact. At present, medical science has confirmed that the hepatitis B virus is mainly transmitted by blood and certain body fluids, and the main transmission routes are as follows: ① transfusion of contaminated blood products (including whole blood, plasma, serum and other blood products); ② use of contaminated instruments, such as acupuncture needles, syringe needles, surgical instruments, hemodialysis equipment, blood collection equipment, etc.; ③ vertical transmission from mother to child; ④ sexual transmission. The possibility of oral infection with hepatitis B virus is small. In an experimental infection in humans, 45 volunteers were given oral suspensions of feces from hepatitis B patients, and none of them developed disease. The transmission of hepatitis B by mosquito bites has not been medically proven. China’s “Viral Hepatitis Prevention and Control Program” also has clear provisions for the treatment of hepatitis B virus carriers: in addition to not being able to donate blood and engage in direct contact with imported food and custodial work, hepatitis B virus carriers can work and study as usual, but to strengthen follow-up, HBsAg carriers should pay attention to personal hygiene, menstrual hygiene and industrial hygiene, toothbrushes, razors and toiletries should be separated from healthy people. Therefore, general contact with hepatitis B patients or hepatitis B virus carriers will not be infected with hepatitis B virus, the air will not spread hepatitis B. 2, HBsAg positive is hepatitis B. The diagnosis of hepatitis B must have two conditions, one is infected with the hepatitis B virus, the second is to have inflammation, degeneration and necrosis of liver cells, clinically manifested as abnormal liver function. When HBsAg is detected in the blood, it only indicates infection with hepatitis B virus. If the examined person has normal liver function for a long time without obvious clinical symptoms and signs, he may be a chronic hepatitis B virus carrier; HBsAg positive person only when there is abnormal liver function, or more precisely, HBsAg positive person only when there are pathological changes in liver tissue, i.e., when there are inflammatory changes such as hepatocyte degeneration and necrosis. The diagnosis of hepatitis B is only established. 3, major triple-positive than minor triple-positive disease is serious. The so-called “major triplet” refers to HBsAg positive, HBeAg positive and anti-HBc positive in the serum hepatitis B marker test; the minor triplet refers to HBsAg positive, anti-HBe positive and anti-HBc positive in the serum hepatitis B marker test. Clinically, we can understand the presence and replication of hepatitis B virus in the body by testing the hepatitis B markers in the patient’s serum. Major triplets have more active replication and are more infectious than minor triplets. However, the severity of the disease (i.e., the degree of liver damage) in hepatitis B patients cannot be determined on the basis of major and minor triplets because the hepatitis B virus causes damage to human liver cells mainly through a complex immune-mediated mechanism, rather than through direct damage to liver cells by the hepatitis B virus. Many clinical studies have shown that there is no significant direct relationship between the severity of hepatitis B disease and HBeAg positivity or the amount of hepatitis B virus in the blood. A major triple-positive person may not have any liver function damage or any clinical manifestation, but only behave as a hepatitis B virus carrier; while a minor triple-positive person may be a chronic hepatitis, cirrhosis, or even a heavy hepatitis or liver cancer patient. 4. It is very difficult to recover from the infection of hepatitis B virus. The view that it is difficult to recover from hepatitis B virus infection is very one-sided. About 90-95% of the acutely infected people can be cured, the virus can be completely cleared, the body can produce protective antibodies. The vast majority of patients with chronic infections are only carriers of the virus and do not have serious lesions. Only 5-10% of those who can develop chronic hepatitis, at the current level of medicine, it is difficult to cure chronic hepatitis B patients with any drugs at once, but after reasonable treatment and body maintenance, so that liver function is restored and maintained normal, so that the condition remains stable for a long time, to achieve the purpose of clinical cure or to prevent the deterioration of the disease, delaying the development of the disease is completely achievable. A small number of chronic hepatitis B patients may still recover completely after active and reasonable antiviral treatment. 5, the higher the transaminases, the deeper the jaundice, the more infectious. The strength of hepatitis B infectiousness depends on the active degree of virus replication in the patient’s body and the amount of virus in the blood and body fluids. It is not significantly related to the severity of hepatitis B patients, transaminases and jaundice. Higher transaminases and deeper jaundice are a sign of more liver cell destruction, serious liver damage and more severe disease, and do not indicate that the patient is more infectious. On the contrary, the higher the transaminases and the deeper the jaundice, the more severe the liver damage and the less infectious the patient is. The more serious the liver damage, the less infectious it may be. 6, liver-protective drug therapy is much better. Many patients, including some medical professionals have the misconception that liver-protective drugs are liver-protective, and more and longer is beneficial. This view is very wrong and harmful. Patients with hepatitis B do not need treatment or long-term treatment when their liver function is normal and stable. Only when there is damage to liver function, liver protection and other treatments are needed, and treatment should also be under the guidance of a doctor, reasonable and effective use of drugs, do not use more, abuse, overdose of drugs, otherwise things will be contrary to expectations, but increase the burden on the liver, leading to aggravation of the disease. Because the liver is an important organ of metabolism and detoxification, too many drugs will increase the burden of liver metabolism, and the combined application of drugs and medications, their pharmacological effects are not necessarily synergistic or additive. The selection of drugs should follow the following principles: ① medication must be symptomatic, according to the condition, targeted. Some drug advertisements and drug salesmen often exaggerate the efficacy, not all believe; some self-proclaimed ancestral doctors and ancestral secret recipes should not be trusted, there are doubts or problems should go to the regular hospital consultation and treatment. The purpose of medication should be clear. The main purpose of medication should be to reduce the necrosis of liver cells, reduce the degree of liver fibrosis, delay and stop the development of cirrhosis. The more drugs are used, the better. After the liver function is normalized, the drugs can be stopped and observed after one month of consolidation. ⑤ The liver function should be reviewed regularly during treatment and observation, and the treatment plan should be adjusted as appropriate. 7, hepatitis B patients can not exercise, it is appropriate to recuperate. For patients in the acute phase of hepatitis B, rest is crucial and bed rest is appropriate for patients in the acute phase. Because the blood flow to the liver is significantly higher when lying down than in other positions, sufficient blood flow is conducive to the regeneration of liver cells and the recovery of damaged liver cells. At the same time, a large number of metabolites such as lactic acid produced by the human body during exercise need to be metabolized by the liver, which is bound to increase the burden on the liver and is not conducive to disease recovery. When the disease has entered the recovery period, the amount of activity should be increased gradually. Proper activity can promote the body’s metabolism and improve the body’s immunity, and is more conducive to reducing the psychological pressure caused by the disease on the patient, which is conducive to the patient’s recovery. In addition, excessive sedation, the body is easy to gain weight, may appear fatty liver, fatty liver and affect the recovery of liver function. 8, with hepatitis B will get cirrhosis of the liver and liver cancer. Many people in society, including even some medical professionals, may think that there are three steps to hepatitis B infection: hepatitis, cirrhosis and liver cancer, so that people talk about hepatitis B, causing great fear to people psychologically. In fact, liver cancer and cirrhosis are closely related to chronic hepatitis, but they are not necessarily causally related to each other, just like the relationship between smoking and lung cancer. Therefore, patients with hepatitis B should not be nervous and the public should not be afraid. Chronic prolonged hepatitis is lighter, and with systematic treatment, it has a good prognosis and will not develop into cirrhosis or liver cancer. Chronic active hepatitis is more difficult to treat, but after scientific, systematic and reasonable treatment, the condition can be controlled and not deteriorate. Individuals with chronic hepatitis can develop into cirrhosis, but even for patients with cirrhosis, the number of those who eventually develop into liver cancer is very small. 9. Hepatitis B virus carriers cannot get married and have children. China’s current Marriage Law does not stipulate that people with hepatitis B virus cannot get married and have children, and people with hepatitis B virus can get married and have children, which is also their right. However, in consideration of the health of the spouse and the next generation, and to prevent problems such as transmission between spouses and/or vertical transmission from mother to child, some corresponding precautions should be taken according to the situation. If one spouse is infected with or carries the hepatitis B virus, the other spouse should be vaccinated against the hepatitis B virus when the body produces protective hepatitis B surface antibodies (anti-HBsAg), which can prevent the infection of the hepatitis B virus. If the body does not produce antibodies, couples should use condoms to have sex, and the one who is infected with hepatitis B virus should abstain from sex, and should avoid overexertion and alcohol abuse, especially when the liver function is abnormal. As for the issue of childbirth, if the hepatitis B virus infection is male, it does not affect the health of the baby. Mother-to-child transmission is one of the important ways of hepatitis B virus transmission, and the incidence of mother-to-child transmission is significantly related to HBeAg positivity. Therefore, we recommend that women with major triplets, if they wish to have children, should preferably get pregnant and have children after their HBsAg has turned negative. If a woman with major triplets has a baby, more than 80% of the babies can be prevented from mother-to-child transmission as long as the baby is given hepatitis B high-valent immunoglobulin and hepatitis B vaccine after birth. More than 90% of infants born to women with minor triplets can be prevented from mother-to-child transmission if the infant is given Hepatitis B HVP immunoglobulin and Hepatitis B vaccine within 24 hours of birth. After birth, the infant should preferably be hand-fed. Therefore, it is not that hepatitis B carriers cannot get married and have children, but they should choose an appropriate time and take the necessary precautions before getting married and having children. 10. Adults do not need to be vaccinated against hepatitis B. Human beings are generally susceptible to hepatitis B virus, especially the Asian population, and those who have not been infected with hepatitis B virus and have not received hepatitis B vaccine are likely to be infected with hepatitis B virus, and adults are no exception. Infectious disease department, stomatology, hemodialysis room and medical personnel, health care personnel and health protection personnel who are often in contact with blood; ③ family contacts, sexual contacts or other contacts of hepatitis B virus carriers; ④ injecting drug addicts; ⑤ international travelers to areas with a high prevalence of hepatitis B virus infection; ⑥ hemodialysis patients; ⑦ those who use blood products; ⑧ patients before organ transplantation; ⑨ those who need long-term application of service The hepatitis B virus can be used to prevent and treat hepatitis B. The correct understanding and prevention of hepatitis B is not only a medical issue, but also a social issue. Hepatitis B patients not only need medical treatment, but also need the concern of the whole society. After years of efforts, people have made great achievements in the prevention and treatment of hepatitis B. I believe that with the continuous development and improvement of science and technology, in the near future, mankind will find a way to overcome this persistent disease.