Congenital heart disease (referred to as congenital heart disease) is a cardiovascular malformation caused by abnormal development of the heart vessels during fetal life, and is the most common type of congenital malformation. The incidence of congenital heart disease is not to be underestimated, accounting for 0.4% to 1% of out life infants, which means that China adds 150,000 to 200,000 new congenital heart disease patients every year. Congenital heart disease is the result of the interaction of complex relationships such as genetic and environmental factors, of which environmental factors account for the vast majority, mainly including women taking drugs during pregnancy, infection with viruses, environmental pollution, radiation exposure, etc. According to whether the patient is cyanotic (the so-called cyanosis refers to the chronic cyanosis of the skin and mucous membranes) precardiac disease can be divided into two categories, namely cyanotic heart disease and non-cyanotic heart disease. Cyanotic heart disease is mostly a more complex heart malformation that can have multiple malformations, and severe malformations often lead to early death of the child. Non-cyanotic heart disease is mostly caused by abnormal left-to-right shunts in the heart, such as atrial septal defect, ventricular septal defect, and patent ductus arteriosus, or due to obstruction of blood outflow such as congenital aortic and subvalvular stenosis and pulmonary stenosis. The clinical manifestations of congenital heart disease depend mainly on the size and complexity of the malformation. Complex and severe malformations can present with severe symptoms shortly after birth and can even be life-threatening. It should be noted that some simple malformations such as ventricular septal defect and patent ductus arteriosus can have no obvious symptoms in the early stage, but the disease can still potentially develop and worsen, requiring timely diagnosis and treatment. Pre-existing heart disease generally cannot heal on its own and requires surgical or interventional treatment. However, for infants and children with ventricular or atrial defects with a diameter of less than 0.5 cm, no treatment is needed, and it will not adversely affect the function and growth of the child’s heart. So, is it the same as normal after congenital heart disease surgery? The growth and development, mobility, and quality of life of patients after heart surgery are related to the type of surgery and the time of surgery. With the rapid development of medical technology, the surgical effect has been greatly improved. At present, most of the non-cyanotic congenital heart disease and common cyanotic congenital heart disease can recover as normal as normal people after timely surgical treatment at the appropriate age, and their growth and development will not be affected, and they can be capable of ordinary work, study and life needs. Some children with non-cyanotic congenital heart disease develop to a serious degree such as severe pulmonary hypertension or even cyanosis after activity, and their quality of life decreases after surgery, and children with complex cardiac malformations are not as good as normal children after surgery. Some data report that children with common congenital heart diseases such as patent ductus arteriosus, ventricular septal defect, and atrial septal defect have the same life expectancy as normal when they undergo surgery in early childhood; those who undergo surgery in adolescence are close to the normal population; and those who undergo surgery in middle age are shorter than normal but longer than patients who do not undergo surgery.