Chronic calf muscle pain is usually due to the following two causes, the first and most common being lumbar disc herniation, which is caused by a herniated disc or nucleus pulposus that compresses or stimulates the nerve roots, resulting in radiating or pulling pain in the muscles of the innervated area of the nerve roots. Many patients feel soreness and discomfort in the calf area and sometimes cramps, which are caused by herniated discs pressing on nerves. The most common clinical condition is a herniated disc in the fourth or fifth lumbar region or in the fifth sacral region, resulting in pain in the posterior calf or in the posterior and lateral calf regions. In this case, we should actively improve the lumbar spine CT or MRI examination, and once it is clear that there is a lumbar disc herniation, we should promptly take the corresponding treatment plan. Secondly, there may be lesions in the calf itself, such as calf bone tumor, bone tuberculosis or infection around the bone tissue, which can lead to calf muscle soreness.