Symptoms and diagnostic criteria of infertility with blocked fallopian tubes

  Generally speaking, there are no typical symptoms, and the most common manifestation is infertility. The fallopian tubes play an important role in transporting sperm, taking in eggs and transporting fertilized eggs to the uterine cavity. Blockage of the fallopian tubes, which hinders the passage of sperm and fertilized eggs, leads to infertility or ectopic pregnancy, and if the tubal obstruction is caused by pelvic inflammatory disease, it can be accompanied by lower abdominal pain, lumbago, increased discharge, painful intercourse, etc.  1, infertility: the fallopian tube itself is attacked by disease and damage, forming obstruction and resulting in infertility, secondary infertility is more common.  2. Dysmenorrhea: stasis dysmenorrhea due to pelvic congestion, mostly starting 1 week before menstruation, and getting heavier and heavier as menstruation approaches, until menstruation comes.  3.Other: such as increased leucorrhea, painful intercourse, gastrointestinal disorders, fatigue, labor affected or not durable, psychoneurotic symptoms and mental depression, etc.  4.Abdominal discomfort: there are different degrees of pain in the lower abdomen, mostly hidden discomfort, soreness, swelling and falling sensation in the lower back and sacral area, often aggravated by exertion. Due to pelvic adhesions, there may be painful filling of the bladder and rectum or painful emptying, or other symptoms of irritation of the bladder and rectum, such as frequent urination and shortness of breath.  5. Menstrual disorders: The fallopian tubes are adjacent to the ovaries. Generally, diseases of the fallopian tubes do not affect the function of the ovaries and have no effect on the amount of menstruation, but menstrual abnormalities may occur only when the inflammation spreads to the ovaries and causes damage to the function of the ovaries.  Diagnostic criteria History and physical examination may reveal important risk factors, with the aim of focusing on the potential etiologies listed above, as does physical examination, with guiding questions sketching the relevant aspects of the patient’s history.  Physical examination should check for signs of infection and should examine for cervicitis; signs of PID should be carefully examined including cervical elevation pain and adnexal tenderness; increased leukorrhea should not be ignored and cervical discharge culture is a good option; patients with signs of endometriosis with uterosacral tenderness or nodules should be examined transrectally; and testing for chlamydial antibodies (CAT) should be performed if the patient has had the disease. Many studies have supported the association between CAT and tubal disease, with retrospective analyses having a sensitivity and specificity of 92% and 70%, respectively.